各种量子测量理论的评述.pdf

量子测量问题第5讲

各种量子测量理论的评述

孙昌璞

中国科学院理论物理研究所

量子力学哥本哈根诠释的个人评述

承上启下的第五次Solvay会议(1927)

“Electronsandphotons”

QuantumTheory–“QuantumWaveMechanics”-takesflight

量子力学诠释

Interpretationofquantummechanics

Astatementwhichattemptstoexplainhowquantum

mechanicsinformsourunderstandingofnature

量子力学诠释旨在解释量子力学理论的实验含义，本质

在于揭示量子力学是怎样精确表达了微观世界的运作方

式。虽然量子力学是科学史中经过多次检验的最精准的

理论，此一理论的基础却尚未被完整了解。目前有一些

思想学派彼此竞争着，其差异点在于量子力学是否可以

被理解为决定性的(deterministic)、量子力学中哪些要素

可以被视为“真实”(real)的.

量子力学需要诠释吗?

QuantumMechanics

needsInterpretationorNot?

工具主义(Instrumentalist)的观点:

Shutupandcalculate!!

—RichardFeynman.

N.DavidMermin,PhysicsToday,May2004,p.10

不同的观点!

StevenWeinberginEinsteinsMistakes,PhysicsToday,2005

“Bohrsversionofquantum

mechanicswasdeeplyflawed,but

notforthereasonEinsteinthought.

TheCopenhageninterpretation

describeswhathappenswhenan

observermakesameasurement,

buttheobserverandtheactof

measurementarethemselves

treatedclassically.

Thisissurelywrong:Physicistsandtheirapparatusmustbe

governedbythesamequantummechanicalrulesthatgovern

everythingelseintheuniverse.Buttheserulesareexpressed

intermsofawavefunction(or,moreprecisely,astatevector)

thatevolvesinaperfectlydeterministicway.Sowheredothe

probabilisticrulesoftheCopenhageninterpretationcome

from?”

StevenWeinberginEinsteinsMistakes,PhysicsToday,2005

Considerableprogresshasbeenmadein

recentyearstowardtheresolutionofthe

problem,…...I