《铁路隧道洞外控制测量方法设计毕业设计》.doc

XX铁路隧道洞外控制测量方法设计 摘要 铁路隧道测量的目是保证隧道相向开挖时能按规定的精度正确的贯通，并使各项建筑物按设计位置修建。隧道测量的主要内容包括洞外、洞内施工控制测量、隧道贯通误差的测定及调整、辅助坑道的测量。 作为指导隧道施工的测量工作，在隧道开挖前一般要建立具有必要精度的、独立的隧道洞外施工控制网，作为引测进洞的依据；对于较短的隧道，可不必单独建立洞外施工控制网，而以经隧道施工复测、调整后并确认的洞外线路中线控制桩为引测进洞的依据。 洞内控制点控制正式中线点（正式中线点是洞内衬砌和洞内建筑物施工放样的依据），正式中线点控制临时中线点；临时中线点控制掘进方向。 洞内高程控制与平面相仿，临时水准点控制开挖面的高低，正式水准点控制洞内衬砌和洞内建筑物的高程位置。 隧道施工测量过程中肯定会有不可避免的误差，在实际隧道开挖贯通面处存在偏差。隧道贯通面误差主要有三个方面：即沿隧道中线方向的长度偏差为纵向贯通误差；垂直于隧道中线的左右偏差为横向贯通误差；有两进出口端高程控制点分别测得贯通面同一点的高差为高程贯通误差，其中纵向及高程贯通误差对隧道正确贯通影响不大，目前研究隧道贯通误差主要为横向贯通误差。 下面主要以隧道洞外控制测量来说明一下在隧道施工测量工作中存在的问题以及通过举例来解决这些问题的方法。 关键词：隧道施工测量、控制测量、贯通测量 Abstract Railway tunnel measurement of the eye is the guarantee tunnel excavation at when the accuracy of the provisions of the right breakthrough, and make the building built according to design position. The main content of the tunnel measurement includes the hole, the construction control measure, tunnel breakthrough error of measurement and adjustment, auxiliary tunnel measurement. As the guiding tunnel construction of measurement, in the tunnel excavation in general to establish a necessary before precision and independent tunnel hole construction control nets. As the lead into the hole the basis, for short tunnel. Dont need to establish the hole alone construction control nets. And with through the tunnel construction after adjusting and confirm repeated measurement, the hole of the Central Line control for the lead into the hole pile of basis. Hole to control points formal midline points (Formal midline point is the hole lining and building construction lofting basis ), Formal midline point control temporary midline points, Temporary midline point control heading direction Inside hole elevation control and similar plane , Temporary level control of high and low point excavation, Formal level point control inside hole of buildings lining and elevation position. The tunnel construction of measurement process must be inevitable errors, In the actual tunnel excavation breakthrough in face bia