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中考语法总结之代词.doc

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2013中考英语语法总结之代词   代词(pron.)代替名词,兼有名词和形容词的作用   (一)代词的类别   相互代词 each other, one another   指示代词 this, that, these, those   不定代词(不指明特定的人或事物的代词)each, every, both, all, either, neither, none, no, one,(a)few,(a)little, some, any, many, much, other, another   复合不定代词everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, someone, anyone, no one, every-thing, something, anything, nothing   疑问代词 what, who, whom, which, whose   直接代词 疑问代词都可作连接代词,引导宾语从句。表语从句等。   关系代词 who, whom, whose, that, which用引导定语从句。   (二)代词的用法   1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词和指示代词的用法   (1)人称代词有主格和宾格之分,主格用来作主语,宾格用来作动词或介词的宾语等。   eg. She gave me a red apple.她给了我一个红苹果: (She作主语,me作动词宾语)   Kath is near him.凯西靠近他。(介词near的宾语)   2.物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。   ①形容词性物主代词位于名词前:their school, his backpack   ②名词性物主代词相当干一个名词,在句中可作主语、宾语等,后面不能再接名词。   eg. It isn’t my pen.→Mine(=my pen) is missing.(作主语)   I left my pen at home. You can use hers(=her pen),(作宾语)   ③“of+名词性物主代词”属双重所有格的一种形式。   eg. a cat of hers她的一条狗,a friend of yours你的一个朋友   (3)反身代词   ①反身代词在句中可作同位语,起强调作用,也可作动词或介词的宾语。   eg. A few days later, I myself had to go to Paris.(作同位语)   She bought herself a new bag.(作动词宾语)   He’s not worried about himself.(作介词宾语)   ②带有反身代词的常用短语。   teach oneself 自学   help oneself to 随便吃些…吧   say to oneself 自言自语。   learn……by oneself 自学…   enjoy oneself 过得愉快   leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下   hurt oneself 伤了自己   dress oneself 自己穿衣服   come to oneself 苏醒过来   (4)相互代词   ①表示相互关系,可用作动词或介词的宾语,用法区别不大。   eg. For years, the two sisters looked after one another(each other)。多年来姐妹俩互相照顾。   We should learn from each other. 我们应当互相学习。   ②可以用格表示所有关系:each other’s, one another’s互相的,彼此的   eg. They are looking at each other’s pictures.他们相互看对方的照片。   (5)指示代词   ①指示代词有单复数之分,既可指物,也可用于介绍人。   eg. This is an apple tree, and that is an orange tree.这是一棵苹果树,那是一棵桔子树。   These are my friends, and that is my sister.这些是我朋友,那个是我姐姐。   ②指示代词可用来指上文中提到的事情:   eg. Steve had a bad cold. This/That was why he didn’t come to school yesterday.   2.不定代词的用法   (1) each, every, both, all, either, neither, no, none的用法
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