年高考英语二轮复习精品课件：主谓一致与倒装句.ppt

高考英语二轮复习：主谓一致与倒装句课件 主谓一致 谓语动词要与主语的人称和数相一致。通常所说一个句子主谓语一致，主要指三个基本原则：语法形式上一致、意义上一致及就近原则。 一、主谓一致的基本原则 1．语法形式上的一致 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。 The number of errors in your paper was surprising. 你论文中的错误数量之多令人吃惊。 Jane and Mary look a bit like. 简和玛丽看起来有点相像。 2．意义上一致 (1)主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 The crowd were running for their lives. 人们为生活而奔波。 形单意复的单词有：people, police, cattle, militia(国民自卫队)等。 (2)主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 The news was very exciting. 消息令人振奋。 形复意单的单词有：news, works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名称如physics, politics, economics等。 3．就近原则 就近原则指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。 Among the boys, one or two are able to jump 1.6 meters. 在这些男孩中，有一两个人能跳过1.6米。 Either you or Jane is to be sent to New Zealand. 要么你，要么简将被派往新西兰。 二、主谓一致的各种情形 (一)并列结构作主语 1．由and连接的主语 (1)当两个名词或代词由and连接作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数。 Leech and Bella were here a moment ago. 里奇和贝拉刚才还在这儿。 My brother and I have both seen the film. 我兄弟和我都看过这部电影。 Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China. 水稻和小麦在中国这个地区均可种植。 (2)当and不表示并列意义，而连接两个在意义上表示同一人、物或概念或由两个部件配成的物品时，谓语动词用单数。 The singer and composer is coming to our school. 那位歌唱家兼作曲家将来我们学校。 Bread and butter is often served for breakfast in our restaurant. 我们饭店早点经常供应奶油面包。 Pork and Chinese cabbage is one of my favourite dishes. 猪肉炒大白菜是我最爱吃的菜之一。 (3)两个并列名词由each, every, many a, no, more than one等词或短语修饰时，谓语一般用单数。 Each doctor and each nurse was sent for. 所有的医生和护士都被请来了。 Many a boy and (many a) girl has made the same mistake. 许多男孩和女孩都犯了同样的错误。 No teacher and no student agrees to have classes on Sunday. 教师和同学都不同意星期天上课。 2．not...but, not only...but also, either...or, neither... nor, or 以上并列连词连接主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应该和接近它的主语一致。 Neither Mary nor her parents were invited to the party. 玛丽和她的父母都没有被邀请参加晚会。 Not only his family but also he likes Bonds movies. 他和他的家人都喜欢邦德的电影。 Either your students or Mr. Wallace knows this. 你的学生或华莱士先生知道这事。 (二)集合名词作主语 1．谓语动词只能用复数的情况 有些集体名词如people, cattle, police等形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词需用复数。 Traffic police are always very busy, especially at busy streets. 交通警察总是十分忙碌，特别是在繁忙的街道。 2．谓语动词的单复数视主语含义而定