地理信息系统导论chap12.ppt

Vector vs. Raster-Based Data Analysis Vector data analysis and raster data analysis represent the two basic types of GIS analyses. They are treated separately because a GIS package cannot run them together in the same operation. The general guideline is to choose the type of data analysis that is efficient and appropriate for a project. * CHAPTER 12 RASTER DATA ANALYSIS 12.1 Data Analysis Environment Box 12.1 How to Make an Analysis Mask 12.2 Local Operations 12.2.1 Local Operations with a Single Raster 12.2.2 Reclassification 12.2.3 Local Operations with Multiple Rasters Box 12.2 A Case Study of the RUSLE 12.2.4 Applications of Local Operations 12.3 Neighborhood Operations 12.3.1 Neighborhood Statistics 12.3.2 Applications of Neighborhood Operations Box 12.3 More Examples of Neighborhood Operations 12.4 Zonal Operations 12.4.1 Zonal Statistics 12.4.2 Applications of Zonal Operations Box 12.4 The Importance of Zonal Operations 12.5 Physical Distance Measure Operations 12.5.1 Allocation and Direction 12.5.2 Applications of Physical Distance Measure Operations 12.6 Other Raster Data Operations 12.6.1 Raster Data Management Box 12.5 Limitations of Physical Distance Measures 12.6.2 Raster Data Extraction 12.6.3 Raster Data Generalization 12.7 Map Algebra 12.8 Comparison of Vector- and Raster-Based Data Analysis 12.8.1 Overlay 12.8.2 Buffering Box 12.6 A Case for Raster-Based Overlay Key Concepts and Terms Review Questions Applications: Raster Data Analysis Task 1: Perform a Local Operation Task 2: Perform a Combine Operation Task 3: Perform a Neighborhood Operation Task 4: Perform a Zonal Operation Task 5: Measure Physical Distances Task 6: Perform Extract by Attributes and by Mask Challenge Task References Raster Data Analysis Raster data analysis is based on cells and rasters. Raster data analysis can be performed at the level of individual cells, or groups of cells, or cells within an entire raster. Some raster data operations use a single raster, while others use