红外多功能计数器论文.doc

目 录 摘要········································································I ABSTRACT··································································II 1 绪论·····································································1 1.1 项目背景··························································1 1.2 设计思路··························································1 2 电路结构分析··························································1 3 主要元器件介绍·······················································3 3.1 稳压器7809·······················································3 3.2 红外发射二级管与光敏三极管··································5 3.3 电压比较器·······················································7 3.4 光耦合器·························································11 3.5 二进制计数器····················································15 3.6 译码器····························································22 3.7 数码管····························································24 4 工作原理·······························································26 4.1 光电输入电路与接收电路······································26 4.2 脉冲形成电路····················································27 4.3 计数与显示电路·················································28 结束语·····································································30 致谢·······································································31 参考文献··································································32 附录·······································································33 附录1································································33 附录2································································35 1 绪论 1.1 项目背景 在电子技术飞速发展的今天，电子产品的人性化和智能化已经非常成熟，其发展前景仍然不可估量。如今的人们需求的是一种能给生产和生活带来方便的电子产品。在工农业生产中需要计数的产品很多，其给人们计数带来了很多麻烦。利用遮断式红外控制原理，通过红外发射器与接收器实现的计数器，给人们进行产品的自动计数带来了方便。 1.2 设计思路 红外线发射器发射红外线，接收器接收由物体阻挡或直射的红外线，进行计数。其应用红外线发射电路产生，向外发射头发射红外线，红外线接收头接收直射或阻挡的饿红外线信号并转换为电脉冲，并由放大电路进行多级放大，通过计数芯片分析，计算出遮挡的次数，再由数码译码器翻译，通过动态数字显示方