Qing Dynasty 简介清朝 英文.docx

Qing Dynasty★Introduction简介Qing Dynasty , with its captial Beijing, was the last feudal ruling of China from 1644 to 1912.清代，其首都北京，从1644到1912年，是中国最后的王朝。★the establishment of the Qing Dynasty清朝的建立After reunifying all the Nuzhen tribes, Nurhachu proclaimed himself emperor in 1616. 在统一所有女真部落后，努尔哈赤于1616年称帝。In 1636, Huang Taiji, son of Nurhachu moved the capital to Shenyang and changed the regime title into Qing.1636年，努尔哈赤的儿子皇太极，迁都沈阳，改国号为“清”，建立了清朝。★Kangxi and consolidation康熙时期及政权的巩固The Kangxi Emperor (r. 1662 - 1722) assumed the throne at age eight .康熙皇帝（1662 -1722）八岁继承皇位。During the early years of his reign, he was largely aided by his grandmother, the Grand Empress Dowager, Xiaozhuang.在他统治的初期，他在很大程度上是得益于他的祖母，太皇太后孝庄。Kangxi is the longest reigning of all Chinese rulers. During his long rule he set the policy direction for the empire and stabilized it. 他是中国所有的统治者种在位时间最长的一位。在他漫长的统治，他把政策方向的帝国和稳定。★The Yongzheng and Qianlong emperors 雍正、乾隆After the Kangxi Emperors death in the winter of 1722, Prince Yong Yinzhen, his fourth son , succeeded him as the Yongzheng Emperor. Yongzheng remained a controversial character because of rumours about him usurping the throne, and he was involved in great political struggles with his brothers. Yongzheng was a hardworking administrator who ruled with an iron hand.康熙皇帝死在1722年的冬季，他的第四个儿子雍親王胤禛接替他成为雍正皇帝。因为他篡夺王位的谣言，雍正仍然是一个有争议的人物，他参与了与他兄弟的重大的政治斗争。雍正是一个勤劳的铁腕的统治者。His successor Qianlong is regarded as one of the most memorable emperor and during his reign ,China reached the zenith of its power.乾隆是最让人记忆深刻的君主之一。在他统治中国期间，中国非常强盛。During the late years of Qianlongs reign, the Qing government saw a return of rampant corruption. The official Heshen was arguably one of the most corrupt in the entire Qing Dynasty. He was eventually forced into committing suicide by Qianlongs son, the Jiaqing Emperor (r. 1796–1820).在乾隆后期，清政府腐败猖獗。官员和珅可以说是一个最腐败的典型。他最终被乾隆的儿子嘉庆皇帝逼迫自杀。★Decline of the Qing Dynasty清朝的衰落After Emperor Qianlong, the Qing Dynasty gradually declined. The l