要素禀赋理论The Factor Endowment Theory.ppt

相关问题 The Specific Factors model clearly illustrates how the expansion of trade can have significant distributional effects on the relative incomes of different factors of production. Why do economists object to using trade protectionist policy to mitigate or reverse these effects? If mitigating such effects were considered to be a reasonable goal, would economists then favor do this via the use of trade policy? Why or why not? 第五章要素禀赋理论 The Factor Endowment Theory Introduction While trade is partly explained by differences in labor productivity, it also can be explained by differences in resources across countries. The Heckscher-Ohlin theory argues that international differences in labor, labor skills, physical capital or land (factors of production) create productive differences that explain why trade occurs. Countries have relative abundance of factors of production. Production processes use factors of production with relative intensity. abundance，intensity Heckscher-Ohlin Theory Factor-Proportions Theory 内容： 两要素经济模型 国际贸易对两要素模型的影响 H-O 模型的实证分析 Heckscher-Ohlin Model Labor and land are resources important for production. The amount of labor and land varies across countries, and this variation influences productivity. The supply of labor and land in each country is constant. Only two goods are important for production and consumption: cloth and food. Competition allows factors of production to be paid a “competitive” wage, a function of their productivities and the price of the good that it produces, and allows factors to be used in the industry that pays the highest wage/rate. Only two countries are modeled: domestic and foreign 一、两要素经济模型 模型的假设 两种产品：棉布、粮食 （cloth，food） 两种生产要素：劳动（ L ） 土地（ T ） 一、两要素经济模型 模型的假设 aTC = 生产每码棉布所使用的土地 aLC = 生产每码棉布所使用的劳动 aTF = 生产每卡粮食所使用的土地 aLF = 生产每卡粮食所使用的劳动 L = 一国的劳动总供给 T = 一国的土地总供给 When there is more than one factor of production, the P