【高考聚焦】2014届高三英语一轮复习课件语法篇从句类第3节定语从句2.ppt

* * 第三节　定语从句 (2) 考点一：关系代词的用法 1．关系代词的作用和分类 (1)关系代词的作用有三个： ①连接作用：关系代词引导从句，把它和主句连接起来； ②替代作用：关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词； ③成分作用：关系代词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语成分。 (2)关系代词的用法分类 关系代词的用法分类有三点依据： ①根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性； ②根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物； ③根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、宾语、表语或定语。 2．易混关系代词辨析 (1)关系代词that和which 先行词是物时，关系代词that，which一般可以通用，但也有区别。 1)只能用that的情况 ①先行词为指物的不定代词(all, nothing, the one, much等)或被不定代词修饰时，如： You can take any seat that is free. Tell us all that you know. ②先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，如： That is the first composition that Ive written in English. ③先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时，如： This is the best way that has been used against pollution. ④当人和物同为先行词时，如： Everyone wants to see the spaceship and the spaceman that made the flight around the earth. ⑤关系代词在从句中作表语时，如： He is no longer the man (that) he used to be. ⑥先行词被the only，the very修饰时，如： That is the very pen (that) I am looking for. ⑦当先行词是which时，如： Which of the two cows that you keep produces more milk? ⑧先行词为the way/the time/the moment/the first time/the last time等名词时，如： I dont like the way(that)he talks. This is the third time(that)he has been late this week. 注意：此时that为关系副词，若先行词没有被the first/the last修饰时，用that和when均可，如： The time (that)/(when) I saw you was 8：00. 2)只能用which的情况 ①关系代词前有介词时，如： Here is the book about which I told you yesterday. ②非限制性定语从句中，如： The weather turned out to be very good, which was better than we could expect. (2)关系代词as和which as既可指人又可指物，主要用于as…；as…as；the same…as…；such…as…等结构中，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。引导的从句可位于句中、句首、句末。如： As is reported in the newspaper，talks between the two countries are making progress. Mary was late for school，as is often the case. as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个句子，而which不仅可修饰整个句子还可以修饰单个名词。如： The meeting，which was held in the park，was a success. The meeting was a success，as was expected. 当as代替一句话，引导限制性定语从句时，其意思是“这一点”，引出的从句位置很灵活，可以放在主句之前、之后或中间。放在主句之前时，as在从句中通常作主语，放在其他位置时as在从句中可作主语或宾语；而which引导非限制性从句时不但可以代替全句内容，也可以代替某个词或短语，在从句中除了可作主语外，还可作宾语、表语等成分，其位置是尽量靠近被说明的先行词、先行句、先行短语，绝不能置于句前。非限制性从句若是肯定句，用which，as均可，若是否定句式或意思是否定的句子，则多用which。 如： She has married again，as was