孟子PPT.ppt

孟子周游列国 孟子晚年著书立说 《孟子》有七篇传世：《梁惠王》上下；《公孙丑》上下；《滕文公》上下；《离娄》上下；《万章》上下；《告子》上下；《尽心》上下。 孟子的主要哲学思想，是他的人类性善论。“性善论”是孟子谈人生和谈政治的理论根据，在他的思想体系中是一个中心环节“恻隐之心，人皆有之；羞恶之心，人皆有之；恭敬之心，人皆有之；是非之心，人皆有之。恻隐之心，仁也；羞恶之心，义也；恭敬之心，礼也；是非之心，智也。 “性善论”是一套唯心主义的说法，不过，孟子以“性善论”为人们修养品德和行王道仁政的理论根据；还具有一定程度的积极意义。 一、性善学说 　　孟子继承和发展了孔子的德治思想，发展为仁政学说，成为其政治思想的核心。孟子的政治论，是以仁政为内容的王道，其本质是为封建统治阶级服务的。 仁政的具体内容很广泛，包括经济、政治、教育以及统一天下的途径等，其中贯穿着一条民本思想的线索。根据《孟子》一书可以概括为：第一、亲民。第二、用贤良。第三、尊人权 Mencius inheritance and development of Confucius theory of moral ideas, development as the benevolent doctrine, as its political thought core of mencius political theory, is for the contents of the benevolent springs, its essence is service to the feudal ruling class The specific content of the benevolent very extensive, including economic and political education and the unity of the way etc, which throughout a people-oriented thoughts clues can be summarized as the book according to mencius: the first close to people with the person with the second third and human rights 二、政治思想 孟子的教育思想，也是孔子“有教无类”教育思想的继承和发挥。他们都把全民教育当作实行仁政的手段和目的。对教育方法的改进，孟子很推崇“易子而教”的传统教育方法。因为父子之间由于感情深厚，父亲对儿子的教育往往不严，对于儿子的一些错误和毛病也因为溺爱和骄惯而放任，从而使正确的教育难以为继。所以，易子让别人来教育，既能从严要求，也能保持父子之间的亲密关系，不伤害感情。 Menciuss education thought, is no child left behind education thoughts of Confucius inherit and play their education as a benevolent the means of purpose to education and the improvement methods, mencius very praise highly the son and teach to the traditional education method for between father and son because feelings deep, father to sons education tend not to be lax, for some of the mistakes and wrong with son also because indulgence and arrogant to and indulge, so that the correct education unsustainable so, easy son allow others to education, which can be a strict requirement, also can maintain the close relationship between father and son, dont hurt feelings 三、教育思想 四、道德伦理 孟子把道德规范概括为四种，即仁、义、礼、智。他认为“仁、义、礼、智”是人们与生俱来东西，不是从客观存在着的外部世界所取得的。同时把人伦关系概括为五种，即“父子有亲，君臣有义，夫妇有别，