光电子习题资料.doc

In the phenomenon of birefringence, the phase velocity of a plane wave in a crystal depends on its direction of polarization of its E vector. The two allowed modes of propagation in a uniaxial crystals (that is, a crystal with a single axis of threefold, fourfold,or sixfold symmetry) are the so-called “ordinary” and “extraordinar y” waves. One of the most important consequences of the dielectric anisotropy of crystals is the phenomenon of birefringence. In problems that involve sinusoidally varying time functions, we can save a great deal of manipulation and space by using the complex-function formalism. In any situations the replacement of the real part of by the complex form poses no problem. The polarization state of a light beam can be converted to any other polarization state by using a suitable retardation plate (also called wave plate). The Jones calculus is a powerful matrix method in which the state of polarization is represented by a two-component vector, while each optical element is represented by a 2*2 matrix. The overall transfer matrix for the whole system is obtained by multiplying all the individual element matrices, and the polarization state of the transmitted light is computed by multiplying the vector representing the input beam by the overall matrix. The Jones vector for the horizontally (x) polarized light is . The Jones vector for the vertically (y) polarized light is . The ray matrix for a thin lens of focal length f is . The ray matrix for a spherical dielectric interface of radius R is . Holography is an imaging technique in which the recording is accomplished by an interference in the recording medium of two, usually mutually coherent waves: the image-bearing “picture wave” and the, usually, plane wave or spherical, “reference” wave. 13. High luminance，simplicity of light，high correlation and strong direction are the characteristics of laser 14. Same polarized direction, same frequency, same phase and same radiated direction are four u