积雪分布及其对中国气候影响的研究进展..doc

 2011 10 Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences Oct． 2011 李栋梁，王春学． 2011． 积雪分布及其对中国气候影响的研究进展［J］． 大气科学学报，34( 5) : 627-636． Li Dong-liang，Wang Chun-xue． 2011． Research progress of snow cover and its influence on China climate［J］． Trans Atmos Sci，34( 5) : 627-636． 积雪分布及其对中国气候影响的研究进展 李栋梁，王春学 ( 南京信息工程大学 气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室，江苏 南京 210044) 摘要: 对北半球不同地区的积雪分布状况、积雪异常影响中国气候的事实以及影响机理等问题的研 究成果进行了较系统的回顾与总结。青藏高原、蒙古高原、欧洲阿尔卑斯山脉及北美中西部是北半 球积雪分布的关键区，其中青藏高原是北半球积雪异常变化最强烈的区域。中国积雪分布范围广 泛，其中新疆、东北和青藏高原是 3 个大值区。总体来看，北半球积雪有减少的趋势，而中国积雪却 有弱的增加趋势。冬、春季高原积雪与欧亚积雪对中国夏季降水的影响是相反的。积雪影响中国 气候的机理解释为: 冬季积雪反照率效应起主要作用，春夏季积雪水文效应起主要作用。积雪被视 为中国短期气候预测的一个重要物理因子，继续加强该领域的研究对于提高中国短期气候预测的 准确率将有重要意义。 关键词: 积雪; 降水; 温度; 季风; 反照率; 积雪水文效应 中图分类号: P461 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1674-7097( 2011) 05-0627-10 Research progress of snow cover and its influence on China climate LI Dong-liang，WANG Chun-xue ( Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education，NUIST，Nanjing 210044，China) Abstract: The distribution of snow cover over the Northern Hemisphere，the facts of anomalous snow cover influencing the climate in China and the influence mechanism are systematically reviewed and summa- rized． The Tibetan Plateau，the Mongolian Plateau，the European Alps and the mid-west of North America are the key areas of snow cover over the Northern Hemisphere，and the Tibetan Plateau is the most sensi- tive region of snow cover anomaly． Snow cover is widely distributed in China with three high value regions over Xinjiang，Northeast China and the Tibetan Plateau． Conclusively，there is a decreasing tendency for snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere，but a weak increasing trend in China． There are opposite effects of winter-spring snow cover in Eurasia and the Tibetan Plateau on summer precipitation in China． The mechanism of snow cover influencing climate in China is explained as: The snow cover albedo effect plays a major role in winter and the snow cover h