英语与基础_Basic_English_Lecture_1.ppt

FHEL 1014 BASIC ENGLISH;OBJECTIVES;Topics Covered;Text Used;Additional Texts.;No;Week 1LISTENING;OBJECTIVES;Introduction to Pronunciation;Why are English words pronounced differently than they are written?;Words like tough and rough, for example, have Germanic roots, where the gh had a more guttural sound that is no longer heard in spoken English. A more subtle example would be the word diamond. A very careful English speaker will pronounce all the letters of the word, but the common pronunciation is more like diemon. ;The English language has;Letters, Syllables and Sounds;A phoneme/sound is the smallest unit in the sound system of a language. Words are transcribed with these phonemes to show their pronunciations. In transcription, the phonemes are placed between slashes. Eg. / k?t/ cat / b?? / boy / stu:d?nt/ student;PHONETIC SYMBOLS;Vowel sounds;More vowel sounds;Consonant sounds;Voiced Sounds  Unvoiced Sounds;Voiced sounds;Word Stress;In the following examples, stressed syllables are in capital letters: ? PHOtograph?????? phoTOgraphy???? photoGRAphic PENcil comMITtee volunTEER MARyland soCIety inforMAtion;Con’t…;I.? Compound Nouns ;2.? Two-word compound nouns Noun+ Noun Compounds ; Similar to the rule for compound nouns, the first part of the compound--here, the first word--gets the stress.? e.g. Good boy (Good – 1st word, stressed) If the unstressed part of the noun+noun compound is more than one syllable, it will have some word stress.? However, the first part of the compound will get even more stress. e.g. Good student Good – Primary stress stu – Secondary stress Research department ;III.? Phrasal Verbs versus Compound Nouns derived from phrasals ;IV.? Homographs ;The noun carries the stress on the first syllable while the verb carries it on the second ;Homographs;Words with affixes (e.g.. prefix and suffix );Words with a double ‘ee’, ’oo’ or ‘ette’ have the stress on that syllable;Underline the stressed sylla