g(英译汉第七讲)复杂定语从句和否定句的翻译.ppt

中级英语笔译;英汉翻译技巧第七讲; 一、复杂定语从句的翻译 复杂的定语从句，即一个句子带有两个或两个以上定语从句的结构。如一主二仆式定语从句较为复杂，指的是一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况，主要有以下几种译法： A. 译成定语：可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语，也可译成分开的定语修饰先行词，或分别修饰重复的先行词。例如：;Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history. ;　B. 译成并列句：可以把两个定语从句简单地译成一个并列句，也可以把它们译成两个分开的并列句，用来表示并列、转折或先后顺序等关系： Not surprisingly, the most complex political structures appeared in the Sudan, where long distance trade was most highly developed and where Islamic influence was the strongest. ; 　C. 其他译法：把翻译简单定语从句的方法贯通其中，如译成定语+句子成分（即把一个从句译成定语，另一个从句译成句子成分）；或译成并列句（或句子成分）+状语从句（即把一个从句译成并列句或句子成分，另一个从句译成状语从句）等。例如：;At one extreme are Hawaii and Brazil, where racial intermixture is extensive and continuing, and where racial discrimination is relatively minor. ;　　　　　　　　　　课堂练习 This was a defensive pact, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to recover the alsace-Lorraine province lost in 1871, and also to protect Australia-Hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed in the Balkins. 这是一个防御性的盟约，旨在保护德国人免受法国人的攻击，保护奥匈帝国免受俄国人的攻击；因为法国人想收复1871年失去的阿尔萨斯-洛林地区，而俄国人则在巴尔干半岛同奥匈帝国接连不断地发生冲突。; 二、英语否定结构的翻译 带否定意义的词是比较容易译错的，有的是因为否定是隐性的；有的是因为否定的射向不同；有的是由于否定的范围和重心不易确定。 1．隐形否定 此类否定既无特定句型，又无否定词，其否定含义多为习惯用语或引申义，颇为费解，也最易出错，切不可望文“生译”，如： ;Catch me making the same error again. 我决不再犯同样的错误。 He is braver than wise． 他有勇无谋。 He is wiser than to risk his money in that undertaking． 他不会蠢到投资那项事业的地步。 I have yet to hear the story. 我还没听说过这件事情。 （have not yet done);She certainly knows better than to tackle such a problem by herself． 她很明白不能独自去解决这个问题。 Its anyones guess. 这事谁也不清楚。 He would be the last man to say such things． 他决不会说这样的话。 This is the last place where I expected to meet you． 我万万没有想到会在这儿碰上你。 ; 2．否定词的射向 在汉语中，往往否定什么，否定词就放在什么前面。而英语并不完全一致。英语中有这样一种情况，当用think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, guess等动词后，后面的宾语从句若是否定时，其否定词往往从从句转移到高一级的语言形式上——主句的谓语动词上。;He doe