医学诊断学 重点（Key points in medical diagnostics）.doc

医学诊断学 重点（Key points in medical diagnostics） 1 boot centroid: the left ventricle increases, the heart dullness increases to the left, the heart and waist deepen, and the heart circles like boots, called the boot centroid 2 moving dullness: the phenomenon of dullness of voice due to different postures 3 tubular breath sounds, also called abnormal bronchial breath sounds, refer to the respiratory sounds of normal alveoli 4 purpura: skin and mucous membrane bleeding after the change in color collectively 5 internal jugular veins: normal people standing or sitting, the external jugular vein is not revealed, supine position slightly filling, but only the supraclavicular margin to the mandibular angle distance 2/3, if more than the level or semi supine 45 degrees, jugular venous engorgement, swelling, full called jugular vein engorgement, showed increased venous pressure, is not a normal phenomenon. 6, Kussmaul breathing: in uremia, diabetes, ketoacidosis and renal tubular acidosis, the blood acidic metabolites increase, and strongly stimulate the respiratory center, deep and regular breathing, accompanied by snoring 7 ventricular premature beats: the excitation of the heart from the sinoatrial node and the pulsation that occurs when the pacemaker does not reach an abnormal pacemaker in one part of the ventricle, 8 spider nevus: vascular nevus formed by the expansion of the branches of the small end of the arteriole, resembling a spider 9 Kronig: the 1 upper lung percussion voiceless band width is the width of the apex, normal for 5 to 6cm 10 Austin-Flint noise: in severe aortic regurgitation, aortic regurgitation caused by left ventricular blood volume increased, left ventricular diastolic pressure, mitral valve lift caused by relative mitral stenosis, resulting in the apical diastolic rumbling murmur. 11 frong bellg frog abdomen: when there is a great deal of fluid in the abdominal cavity, the supine position and the abdominal wall are loose, and the fluid sinks and is f