聚氯乙烯生产工艺的初步设计 毕业设计 .doc

摘要 聚氯乙烯是世界上最早实现工业化生产的塑料品种之一。由于其具有难燃、抗化学腐蚀、耐磨、电绝缘性优良和机械强度较高等优点，广泛应用于农业、石油化工、轻工、纺织、化学建材、电力、冶金、国防军工、建材、食品加工等国民经济各命脉部门， 在国民经济发展中具有举足轻重的地位。 本次设计对年产6万吨PVC精馏工段进行工艺设计。采用电石乙炔法制取氯乙烯。此法是以电石为原料，电石水解生产乙炔，氯碱生产中产生的氯气和氢气直接合成法合成氯化氢，由乙炔和氯化氢经净化后在转化器中合成粗氯乙烯单体，粗氯乙烯单体经精馏后得到精氯乙烯单体，精氯乙烯单体经悬浮聚合得到PVC。确定了生产方法之后对氯乙烯合成工段、精馏工段进行了物料衡算、热量衡算和设备选型计算。 本文设计的电石乙炔法生产粗氯乙烯在工艺上可满足要求。   关键词：PVC合成；粗氯乙烯精馏；物料衡算；热量衡算；设备选型                 Abstract   Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is one of the earliest industrialization production of plastic varieties in the world. Since it has flame retardant, resistance to chemical corrosion, wear resistance, good electrical insulation, and the advantages of high mechanical strength, widely used in agriculture, petroleum chemical industry, light industry, textile, chemical, building materials, electric power, metallurgy, national defense war industry, building materials, food processing, such as the lifeline of national economy department, has a pivotal position in the national economic development. The design on the annual output of 60000 tons of PVC distillation section for process design. Take vinyl chloride by calcium carbide acetylene method. This method is based on calcium carbide as raw materials, calcium carbide hydrolysis to produce acetylene, chlorine and hydrogen generated in chlor-alkali production were direct synthesis method of hydrogen chloride synthesis by acetylene and hydrogen chloride synthesis in the converter after purification thick vinyl chloride monomer, coarse after rectification for vinyl chloride monomer vinyl chloride monomer, pure PVC by suspension polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer. Determine the method of production of vinyl chloride synthesis section, after distillation section has carried on the material balance, heat balance, and equipment selection calculation. In this paper, design of calcium carbide acetylene method thick vinyl chloride production in the process can meet the requirements.    Key words: PVC synthesis; Thick vinyl chloride re