毕业设计(论文 计算机)外文资料翻译.doc

毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译 学院（系）： —————————— 计算机 专 业： —————————— 姓 名： —————————— 学 号： —————————— 外文出处： The History of the Internet 附 件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。 - 外文原文 The History of the Internet The Beginning - ARPAnet The Internet started as a project by the US government. The object of the project was to create a means of communications between long distance points, in the event of a nation wide emergency or, more specifically, nuclear war. The project was called ARPAnet, and it is what the Internet started as. Funded specifically for military communication, the engineers responsible for ARPANet had no idea of the possibilities of an Internet. By definition, an Internet is four or more computers connected by a network. ARPAnet achieved its network by using a protocol called TCP/IP. The basics around this protocol was that if information sent over a network failed to get through on one route, it would find another route to work with, as well as establishing a means for one computer to talk to another computer, regardless of whether it was a PC or a Macintosh. By the 80s ARPAnet, just years away from becoming the more well known Internet, had 200 computers. The Defense Department, satisfied with ARPAnets results, decided to fully adopt it into service, and connected many military computers and resources into the network. ARPAnet then had 562 computers on its network. By the year 1984, it had over 1000 computers on its network. In 1986 ARPAnet (supposedly) shut down, but only the organization shut down, and the existing networks still existed between the more than 1000 computers. It shut down due to a failied link up with NSF, who wanted to connect its 5 countywide super computers into ARPAnet. With the funding of NSF, new high speed lines were successfully installed at line speeds of 56k (a normal modem nowadays) through telephone lines in 1988. By that time, there were 28,174 computers on the (by then decided) Internet. In 1989