有机化学反应方程式总结.doc

有机化学反应方程式 一.?取代反应 CH4?+?Cl2—1:1光照 ?C2H6?+?Cl2-1:1光照?? 2.?C6H6?+?Br2—铁屑 3.?C2H5OH?+?HBr--加热? 4.?C6H6+?HNO3--H2SO4?水浴加热7.?C2H5Cl?+?H2O—NaOH8.?CH3COOC2H5?+?H2O--无机酸 8.?CH3COOC2H5?+?H2O—碱?9.?(C17H35COO)3C3H5?+?3NaOH?→皂化反应 二.?加成反应? 10.?CH2=CH2?+?H2→Ni?加热13.?CH2=CH2?+?HCl--催化剂,加热14.?C2H2?+?HCl 1:1--催化剂,加热 C2H2?+?2H2--?Ni,加热16.?CH2=CH-CH=CH2?+?Br2 1,2加成17.?CH2=CH-CH=CH2?+?Br2? 1,4加成18.?CH2=CH-CH=CH2?+?2Br2? 1,2,3,4加成19.?CH3CHO?+?H2?–Ni ?20.?CH2OH-(CHOH)4-CHO（葡萄糖）?+?H2?--Ni??21.?C6H6?+?3H2—Ni23.?CH2=CH2?+?H2O? 三.?消去反应? ?24.?CH3CH2OH--?浓H2SO4?,170℃??25.?CH3CH2Br?+?NaOH--醇,加热??四.?酯化反应(亦是取代反应)? 26.?CH3COOH?+?CH3CH2OH--?浓H2SO4,加热?27.?C3H5(OH)3?+?3HNO3?--浓H2SO4?五.?水解(卤代烃、酯、油脂的水解见上,亦是取代反应)? 32.?CH3CH2ONa?+?H2O? ?33.?C6H5ONa?+?H2O 36.?2(C6H10O5)n（淀粉?　）?+?nH2O?--H2SO4,加热38.?C12H22O11????（蔗糖）?+?H2O?--H2SO4??39.?C12H22O11（麦芽糖　）+?H2O?-六.?氧化反应?? 41.?2C2H5OH?+?O2?--Cu或Ag?43.?2CH3CHO?+?O2?→2CH3COOH? 47.?CH3CHO?+?2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→ 48.?CH3CHO?+?2Cu(OH)2?加热?→49.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO（葡萄糖）+2[Ag(NH3)2]OH→?? 50.CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Cu(OH)2--加热?→?? 57.?HCHO?+?4[Ag(NH3)2]OH?→58.?HCHO?+?4Cu(OH)2?加热?→七.?还原反应?? 59.?CH3COCH3?+?H2?--Ni?→ ?60.?HCHO?+?H2?--Ni?→? 61.?C6H5CH=CH2?+?4H2?--Ni?→八.?加聚反应? 62.?nCH2=CH2?→ 63.?nCH3-CH=CH2?→64.?nCH2=CHX?→ 69.?nCH2=CH-CH=CH2?→??72.?nCH2=CH2?+?nCH3-CH=CH2?→ 九.?缩聚反应?? 73.? C6H5OH?+?HCHO---浓HCl,加热→ 74.?HOOC-?-COOH?+?HO-CH2CH2-OH?→?十.?其他? (一)有机物跟钠的反应? 75.?CH3CH2OH?+?Na? 76.?C6H5OH?+?Na? 77.?CH3COOH?+?Na(二)炭化? 78.?C12H22O11?--浓H2SO4?→12C?+?11H2O? (三)分子间脱水?? 79.?2C2H5OH--?浓H2SO4,140℃?(四)氨基酸的两性?