spatio-temporal dynamics of viruses are differentially affected by parasitoids depending on the mode of transmission病毒是不同的时空动力学影响拟寄生物取决于传播的模式.pdf

Viruses 2012, 4, 3069-3089; doi:10.3390/v4 113069 OPEN ACCESS viruses ISSN 1999-4915 /journal/viruses Article Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Viruses are Differentially Affected by Parasitoids Depending on the Mode of Transmission Beatriz Dáder 1, Aránzazu Moreno 1, Elisa Viñuela 2 and Alberto Fereres 1,* 1 Associated Unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, CSIC, Serrano 115 Dpdo, 28006 Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: beatrizdader@ica.csic.es (B.D.); amoreno@ica.csic.es (A.M.) 2 Associated Unit IVAS CSIC-UPM, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; E-Mail: elisa.vinuela@upm.es * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: a.fereres@csic.es; Tel.: +34-917-452-500; Fax: +34-915-640-800. Received: 31 September 2012; in revised form: 18 October 2012 / Accepted: 31 October 2012 / Published: 12 November 2012 Abstract: Relationships between agents in multitrophic systems are complex and very specific. Insect-transmitted plant viruses are completely dependent on the behaviour and distribution patterns of their vectors. The presence of natural enemies may directly affect aphid behaviour and spread of plant viruses, as the escape response of aphids might cause a potential risk for virus dispersal. The spatio-temporal dynamics of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and Cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV), transmitted by Aphis gossypii in a non-persistent and persistent manner, respectively, we