一、被动语态的构成形式.doc

?一、被动语态的构成形式?1. 被动语态的基本时态变化?被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。以do为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：??1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时?例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.? ?2） has /have been done 现在完成时?例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.??3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时?例A new cinema is being built here．?4） was/were done 一般过去时?例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.?5） had been done? 过去完成时?例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.???6） was/were being done 过去进行时?例A meeting was being held when I was there.?7） shall/will be done 一般将来时?例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.??8） should/would be done 过去将来时?例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.?9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）?例The project will have been completed before July.?10） should/would have been done 过去将来完成时（少用）?例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.?2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式?1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。?例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.??2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。?例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.?3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。?例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.?4）在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。?例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为A stranger was seen to walk into the building.?5) 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词＋介词”，“动词＋副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。?例The meeting is to be put off till Friday. ??3. 非谓语动词的被动语态?v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被动语态(一般时态和完成时态) 。?例I dont like being laughed at in the public.?二、 如何使用被动语态?学习被动语态时，不仅要知道被动语态的各种语法结构，还要知道在哪些情况中使用被动语态。?1. 讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者 (这时可省 by 短语)。?例? My