授权的概念分析.ppt
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刘丽华
顾 颜; 来源
概念
定义
易混概念
授权方式
授权对象
授权量表
国内外研究现状
展望
;Empowerment也被译为增权,充权,赋权,促能,权能激发,增权益能
授权最早是在20世纪50年代针对社会活动组织工作中的权力失衡而提出的。在20世纪 80年代,授权被看作是一种参与过程。通过该参与过程,个体掌控其生活和周围环境。从20世纪90年代开始,当医疗卫生工作者及其服务对象均关注健康促 进时, “授权”的称谓经常出现于医学研究和教育文献中。;1 、把力量或权威给某人
2 、把能力给某人
3 、使能;1 、 给予官方或者法定权利;
2 、使获得能 力;
3 、促进 自我实现, 增加影响力。;
授权应当是个体体验到的心理状态或认知的综合体,这个综合体是4种认知的格式塔
meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact.
1 Meaning(工作意义)
– a ?t between the requirements of the job tasks and the subject‘s own values.;2 Competence(自我效能)
– the subject’s belief that he or she possess the skills and abilities necessary to perform a job or task well.
3 Self-determination(自主性)
– the subject’s feeling of having control over his or her own work.
4 Impact(工作影响)
– the belief that the subject has a significant influence over strategic, administrative, or operational outcomes at work.; Spreitzer 对心理授权在四个方面进行了操作性定义,各自最主要的特征如下:
1 individual
2 psychological
3 work place
4 a fairly stable state that can be in?uenced both by context related factors and by person related factors;汉典:把权力委托给人或机构,代为执行
授权(empowerment)是领导者通过为员工和下属提供更多的自主权,以达到组织目标的过程。
授权包括某人向另外一个人指派一项特定的任务或项目,以及被指派者对于完成该任务或项目做出承诺。
授权是领导者智慧和能力的扩展和延伸,必须遵循客观规律和原则,授权过程是科学化和艺术化的过程。;Self-esteem(自尊)
Power(权力)
Activism(能动性)
Righteous anger(适度宣泄)
Optimism(乐观)
;Meaning (Me)
1. The work I do is meaningful to me (Me1).
2. The work I do is very important to me (Me2).
3. My job activities are personally meaningful to me (Me3).
Competence (Co)
4. I am con?dent about my ability to do my job (Co1).
5. I am self-assured about my capabilities to perform my work activities (Co2).
6. I have mastered the skills necessary for my job (Co3).
Self-determination (Se); 7. I have signi?cant autonomy in determining how I do my job
(Se1).
8. I can decide on my own how to go about doing my work (Se2).
9. I have considerable opportunity for independence and freedom in how I do my job (Se3).
Impact (Im)
10
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