论文引用文献格式.doc

英语毕业论文 引文及参考文献目录格式要求 1.论文中的引用格式 （APA的引用一律用“夹注”的格式） 1.1 间接引用 （citations） 1.1.1如果引用只涉及一个作家的某本专著或文章，而作家的名字在自己的行文中没有出现, 将该作家的姓氏和出版的时间用括弧括起来，放在句子结尾，注意该括弧算作句子的一部分，标点符号应放在括弧之后。 例: It has been argued that teachers’ role is to provide the students with optimal conditions which can facilitate learning so that students can achieve similar results (Bloomfield, 1976). 1.1.2如果引用所涉及到的作家的名字已经出现在行文中, 只需要在名字后面加上括弧, 填入出版时间即可。 例：Gould (1988) attributes Darwin’s success to his gift for making the appropriate metaphor. 1.1.3如果引用涉及到的作家和著作的出版时间在行文中已出现，那就不再需要单独的夹注了。 例：In a 1988 article, Gould explores some of Darwin’s most effective metaphors. 1.1.4如果引用涉及到的著作是由两位作者合著，则每次引用时都需把两位作者的姓氏注出来，在夹注中用“”，在行文中则用“and”连接两个作者。 例：The disadvantages of the multiple regression analysis is that it cannot show the complex interrelations between independent variable (Bryman Cramer, 1990). Bryman and Cramer (ibid.) also pointed out that… 1.1.5如涉及到的作者超过两人，少于六人，第一次加夹注时，写出所有作者的姓氏，以后每次引用，只需写出第一作者的姓氏，其后加上“et al.”即可。 例：Scientists have isolated a gene connected to circadian rhythms in plants (Millar, Straum, Chory, Chua, Kay, 1995: 1163) . . . They identified the mutations that activated light-dependent pathways (Millar, et al., 1995: 1165) 1.1.6如果引用涉及到的著作由六位以上的作者合著，加注时只需写出第一作者的姓氏，其后加上“et al.”即可。 例：Naiman et al. （1978）found a similar relationship, although I this case effort’ on the part of the learners was also associated with instrumental motivation (subsequent citations) (Ellis, 1954: 512). （Halliday, 1978, 1992）；（Halliday, 1967a, 1967b） , 引文用双引号。如果引文中原来就有引号，将有引号的部分改为单引号。 例：Conceptually, motivation is seen as “the combination of effort plus desire to achieve the goal of learning the language plus favorable attitude toward learning language” (Gardner, 1985: 10). Based on different findings, it is proposed that “the type of motivation and its strength are likely to be determined less by some generalized principle and more by ‘who learns what in what milieu’” (Laser-Freeman Long, 1993: 174). 1.2.2如果你自己的行文中已经提到原著作者