独立主格结构及其用法试题.ppt

1 1 * 独立主格结构absolute construction 1 *  （measure）over 90 meters, the tree is the tallest in the park. over 90 meters, he felt surprised. Measuring The tree measuring 1 * “独立主格结构是带有自己主语的非谓语动词分句和无动词分句。常在句中作状语，表谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随等。独立主格结构可放于句首、句尾，用逗号和主句隔开。 1 * 由两部分构成： 第一部分：名词、名词词组或代词 第二部分：动词的非谓语形式( 动词不定式、现在分词短语和过去分词短语)、形容词、副词、名词和介词短语。 The question settled, they went to have their lunch. The man lay there, his hands trembling. 1 * 独立主格结构主要有以下形式： 1. 名词(或代词)+现在分词短语； 　　现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。 As soon as the bell rang, all the students entered the classroom. 此句可改写为： The bell ringing, all the students entered the classroom. 1 * 2. 名词(或代词)+过去分词短语； 过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。 As her homework was done, Mary decided to go shopping. 此句可改写为： Her homework done, Mary decided to go shopping. 1 * 3. 名词(或代词)+动词不定式； 在这种结构中，名词(或代词)与动词不定式之间为主动关系，动词不定式表示将来。 He suggested going for a picnic and Mary would provide the food. 此句可改写为： He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food. 1 * 4. 名词(或代词)+形容词； 　　形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。 The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while. 5. 名词(或代词)+副词； 　副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。 　He sat at the table, head down. 1 * 6. 名词(或代词)+介词短语； 　介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态。 　　Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away. 7. 名词(或代词)+名词； 　名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。 　Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children. 　　 1 * 8. Here (或there)+现在分词短语； As there was no bus, we had to walk home. 此句可改写为： There being no bus, we had to walk home. Because here came another guest, I had to buy one more bottle of wine. 此句可改写为： Here coming another guest, I had to buy one more bottle of wine. 1 * 9. 介词with ( like, without, 等 ) +宾语(名词或代词)+宾语补足语构成的独立主格结构； 　　作宾语补足语的主要有现在分词短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式、形容词、副词、名词和介词短语等。 现在分词表示目前状态(主动)， 过去分词表示动作已经完成(被动)， 动词不定式则表示动作将要发生。