1 复杂室内环境下定位技术.DOC

混合定位算法在复杂室内环境下的应用研究 曹春萍，陈 平 （上海理工大学 光电信息与计算机工程学院，上海200093） 摘 要：针对复杂室内环境下视距（ Line of Sight, LOS）和非视距（ Not Line of Sight, NLOS ）并存的三维混合定位技术进行了研究。在LOS环境下，基于到达时间差（Time Difference of Arrival, TDOA）定位算法优于其他定位技术；但受到室内环境尤其是NLOS环境下的多径效应， TDOA定位的精准度大大减弱。若能够正确评估传播衰减系数以此补偿多径效应带来的影响，那么基于接收信号强度（Received Signal Strength, RSS）定位算法受到NLOS多径效应的影响将大大减小。综上所述，提出了三维混合加权最小二乘（Hybrid Weighted Least Square, HWLS）RSS/TDOA算法，通过使用Nakagami-m分布鉴定当前信道是LOS/NLOS路径，用于室内环境下的目标定位，并通过实验验证该算法提高定位精度。 关键词：三维混合定位，HWLS RSS/TDOA，Nakagami-m分布 Applied research of hybrid positioning algorithm in complex indoor environments CAO Chun-ping, CHEN Ping, (1 School of Optical-Electrical Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science Technology, Shanghai 200093,China) Abstract: This paper investigated 3D positioning in an indoor line of sight (LOS) and nonline of sight (NLOS) combined environment. It is a known fact that time-difference-of-arrival-(TDOA-) based positioning outperforms MS other techniques in LOS environments; however, multipath in an indoor environment, especially NLOS multipath, significantly decreases the accuracy of TDOA positioning. On the other hand, received-signal-strength-(RSS-) based positioning is not affected so much by NLOS multipath as long as the propagation attenuation can be correctly estimated and the multipath effects have been compensated for. Based on the fact, a hybrid weighted least square (HWLS) RSS/TOA method was proposed for target positioning in an indoor LOS/NLOS environment. The identification of LOS/NLOS path was implemented by using Nakagami-m distribution. An experiment verified our proposed scheme. Key words: hybrid 3D positioning, HWLS RSS/TDOA, Nakagami-m distribution 引言 随着数据业务和多媒体业务数据的增长，人们对定位和导航的需求日益增大，尤其在复杂的室内环境如机场大厅、展厅、超市、图书馆、地下停车场等环境中，常常需要确定移动终端或其持有者、设备与物品在室内的位置信息。目前各大公司对室内定位技术进行了相关研究。CSR 公司在2011年的美国LOCATIONS BEYOND峰会上展示了其新的定位方案，该方案通过 GPS、伽利略、GLONASS、北斗卫星、蜂窝网、Wi-Fi、各种传感器等多种方式获得定位信息。国内的联通公司已经与美国高通合作，推出了gpsOne定位业务；中兴通讯成功的为运营商提供了支持CellID、gpsOne、AGPS等高度融合的