电动汽车热泵空调系统的匹配设计.doc

电动汽车热泵空调系统的设计与仿真分析 李延锋，石静，程勋 河南理工大学 机械与动力工程学院，河南 焦作 454000 摘要：针对电动汽车设计了基于蒸汽压缩循环的冷暖双模式热泵空调系统，利用一维流体仿真软件Flowmaster对热泵空调系统的压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀等建立单体试验模型，利用其性能试验曲线和参数确定相应单体模型参数，并把各部件单体模型参数调入整个空调系统模型进行仿真分析，分析了不同环境温度下的空调制热量、制热效率以及压缩机排气温度的变化。结果表明环境温度越低，空调制热量制热效率越低，压缩机的排气温度越低。 关键词： 电动汽车 热泵空调 仿真 中图分类号：U462.1 文献标识码：A 文章编号： On the Design and Performance Simulation of heat pump air conditioning system For electric vehicle LI Yan-feng, Shi jing, Cheng xun School of mechanical and power engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 45400, Henan, China Abstract: A cooling and heating dual-mode heat pump air-conditioning based on the vapor-compression cycle has been designed for pure electric vehicles，The unit test models of the Compressor, The Condenser and The Expansion valve of heat pump air-conditioning has been established using the one-dimensional fluid simulation software Flowmaster. The parameters of the single model was obtained using the performance experimental curves and data, This paper put the single model parameters into the whole system to simulate it and analyzed the changes of the heating capacity, the heating efficiency and the compressor exhausting temperature under different ambient temperature. The results showed that when the ambient temperature was lower, the heating capacity, the heating efficiency and discharge temperature of the compressor were lower. Key words: electric vehicle heat pump air conditioning matching 1前言 电动汽车使用电池作为驱动动力，使得它的空调系统不同于传统燃油汽车。传统燃油汽车采用发动机余热来制热，而电动汽车普遍采用PTC加热的方式制热。由于PTC制热效率低（能效比小于1）能耗高，导致电动汽车冬季续航里程严重降低。研究表明空调制热消耗的电能约占电动汽车整车能耗的33%[1]。热泵是利用少量高品位能源使热量由低温热源流向高温热源的节能装置,电动汽车采用热泵空调系统取暖,可利用电能将环境中的热量泵送到车室内,得到的热量为消耗的电能与吸收的低位热能之和,因此其能效比(cop，Coefficient of Performance)大于1[2]。研究适用于电动汽车的冷暖双模式热泵空调系统对电动汽车节能降耗具有重要意义。 Takahisa Suzuki和Katsuya Ishii[3]为电动汽车开发了以R134a为工质的热泵空调系统，其风道内安装了两个换热器，可以实现制冷、制热、除霜三种模式下切换，该系统在较低环境温度下制热能效比可达2.3。 Hosoz和Direk[4]对汽车热泵空调在改变室外温度和压缩机转速的条件下进行了性能测试，结果表明系统制热量随压缩机转速增大而增加，COP随压缩机转速增大而减小。李丽和魏名山[5]设计了