赤红壤坡地不同果草群落生态环境效应研究.doc

文章编号：1008-181（2000）01-0042-03 赤红壤坡地幼龄果园间种不同牧草的生态环境效应 章家恩1，段舜山2，骆世明1，黎华寿1 （1：华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所，广州 510642；2：暨南大学水生态科学研究所，广州 510642） 摘要：在赤红壤坡地幼龄果园间种6种牧草，对其生态环境效应进行了试验观测。结果发现，果园间种牧草可明显增大地面覆盖，增加土壤的保水能力，减少水土流失，提高了土壤肥力和土地生产力。然而，由于有些牧草生长旺盛、生物量大，高度和覆盖度大，不可避免地与果树争肥、争水、争光，特别是在贫瘠的坡地上或在干旱季节里。文章指出，幼龄果园间种牧草是一种较好的坡地可持续利用模式，但在牧草品种的适应性选择应加以深入研究。 关键词：果园；牧草；间作；生态效应 中图分类号：S154.4; X171.1 文献标识码：A Eco-environmental Effects of Fruit Trees and Different Pasture Inter-planting Systems in Young Orchard on Slope Land of Latored Soils（Hapludox） ZHANG Jia-en1，DUAN Shun-shan2，LUO Shi-ming1，LI Hua-shou1 ( 1: Institute of Tropical and Subtropical Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China ) ( 2: Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510642, China ) Abstract: Six kinds of pasture were inter-planted in a young orchard on the slope lands of latored soil (hapludox), and their eco-environmental effects were observed. It showed that young fruit trees inter-planting pasture would obviously increase the land coverage and soil water capacity, and decrease water loss and soil erosion. On the other hand, this farming system could also improve soil fertility and land productivity. However, owing to the big biomass, high coverage and productivity of pasture, they would compete for the soil nutrients, water and light with fruit trees, especially in the barren soils or in the dry seasons. The author suggests that young orchard inter-planting pasture should be a good sustainable land utilization system, but deeper study should be conducted in the selection of suitability. Key words: orchard; pastures; inter-planting; eco-environmental effect 由于华南地区高温多雨，赤红壤（普通简育湿润铁铝土）坡地土壤瘦瘠，水土流失容易发生，土壤有机质分解迅速等原因，大多数新开垦的坡地果园，普遍存在着土壤偏酸、低磷、季节性干旱、水土流失严重和综合肥力下降等问题；而且果树单一种植，易导致病虫、杂草危害，生产力不稳定，经济效益不明显。针对上述问题，本研究在幼龄果园中间种6种牧草进行对比试验，观测果园的生态环境变化，以寻求赤红壤坡地可持续利用的优化模式，为其开发提供科学依据。 1 试验材料与方法 1.1 试验设计 试验地点设在东莞市桥头镇农科园中心试验区的赤红壤坡地幼龄荔枝园中。水土流失观测主要在1997年进行；1998年3月选择了6种牧草（包括柱花草、假花生、旋扭山绿豆、白三叶、糖蜜草和百喜草），分别