东莞市产业转型升级研究.pdf

摘 要 改革开放30年来,加工贸易作为广东主要的贸易方式,在广东经济发展过 程中占有十分重要的地位。对于东莞来说更是如此,东莞是国内开展加工贸易 昀早、加工贸易规模昀大的城市,是国内昀典型的外向型经济城市。东莞经济 的起飞很大程度上源于加工贸易的蓬勃发展,加工贸易已经成为东莞国民经济 的重要组成部分和推动经济增长的主要动力,多年来的实践充分证明,加工贸 易已经成为东莞外向型经济的主体,东莞发挥了劳动力资源丰富的优势,换回 了相对短缺的资源,提高了经济运行效率,促进了东莞经济的持续发展。加工 贸易引进了先进的技术,推动了技术进步与产业升级,提升了东莞在国际分工 中的地位,使电子信息产品等高新技术在全球市场竞争中占有了一席之地。加 工贸易在引进资金和增加出口方面也起到巨大的作用,已经成为东莞加入跨国 生产体系的主要途径,对东莞实现产业跨越式发展、加速工业化进程起着重大 的促进作用。 作为我国加工贸易的主要聚集地,东莞的产业影响力更多地表现在规模和 速度上,从转型升级角度看并未明显走在全国的前列,总体上仍未摆脱低附加 值和非差异化加工为主的基本特征。因此,为使东莞经济可持续健康发展,实 现再领跑中国经济30年的目标,急需系统地分析、制定东莞产业转型升级战略, 准确把握发展的机遇和有利条件,进一步完善政策和创新管理方式,在保持数 量增长的同时,切实把工作重点转移到提高产业的质量和效益上来,及时引导 加工贸易转型升级。 本文首先回顾了国内外以加工贸易为主的产业转型升级的相关理论和实践 研究,总结了东莞市产业特点发展历程,归纳出东莞产业发展的特点、存在问 题,并在国际国内新形势下,指出了东莞市产业转型升级面临的挑战和机遇, 昀后,在借鉴其他国家和地区产业转型升 级的基础上,本文针对东莞市产业转 型升级提出了对策建议。 IV关键词:东莞;加工贸易;转型升级 Abstract Over the past 30 years in the reform and opening up in Guangdong Province, the processing trade has been taken as its main trade mode, which has ranked significant position in the economic development process in Guangdong Province, especially in Dongguan City. Dongguan was the first in China to develop processing trade and has possessed the largest scale of processing trade in the country, becoming a typical foreign-oriented economic city in China. Dongguan’s economic hike depends on its prosperous development of processing trade. Processing trade has become an important part in Dongguan’s economics and a main driving force to promote its economic growth. Over the past years, its practices showed that the processing trade has become a main structure in foreign-oriented economics in Dongguan City. Dongguan has given full play to its advantages in rich labor resources and has exchanged and returned its relatively short resources, so as to improve its economic operational efficiency and to promote its sustainable development in its economies. It has introduced the advanced technologies to the processing trade, pushed forward the technological progress and industrial upgradin