未成人检察工作中公益诉讼制度的建构分析报告.doc

未成年人检察工作中公益诉讼制度的建构 ——以全国首例民政部门申请撤销监护权案为视角 The construction of public interest litigation system in the procuratorial work of minors ---From the first national civil affairs departments to apply for revocation of custody case as the Perspective 赵 卿* 李 庆** 【内容摘要】 监护权撤销制度是未成年人司法保护工作中不可或缺的重要部分，而未成年人公益诉讼又是监护权撤销制度中不能回避的一个重要问题。建构完善的未成年人公益诉讼制度及监护权撤销制度直接关系到家庭、社会关系的稳定与对未成年人人身与财产权利的保障。A市检察机关在办理全国首例民政部门申请撤销监护人资格案件的过程表明，当前检察机关办理监护权撤销案件仍存在公益诉讼制度缺位、职能定位不清、流程规范缺失、监督不到位等问题。通过建构未成年人检察工作中的公益诉讼制度、厘清检察机关在此类案件中的职能定位、细化案件办理流程、扩展监督途径，可以有效解决上述问题。 The system of custody right is an important part in the judicial protection of minors, and the minor public interest litigation is an important problem in the system of the right to cancel the custody. The establishment of a sound system of public interest litigation system and the guardianship of the system directly related to the stability of family, social relations and the protection of the rights of minors. A municipal procuratorial organs in handling the case of the first case of the national civil affairs departments to apply for revocation of the guardian of the case, the current procuratorial organs for the custody of the case is still the absence of public interest litigation system, functional positioning is unclear, process specifications, supervision is not in place and other issues. Through the construction of public interest litigation system in the minors, to clarify the functions of the procuratorial organs in such cases, the refinement of the process, the expansion of the supervision way, can effectively solve the above problems. 【关键词】 公益诉讼 监护权 国家监护 检察职能 程序规范 Public interest litigation Custody State monitoring Procuratorial function Procedure specification 一、问题的提出 2015年7月1日，十二届全国人大常委会第十五次会议表决通过《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于授权最高人民检察院在部分地区开展公益诉讼试点工作的决定》（以下简称《决定》），《决定》授权最高检在生态环境和资源保护、国有资产保护、国有土地使用权出让、食品药品安全等领域开展提起公益诉讼试点。检察机关开展公益诉讼终于有了“尚方宝剑”，师出有名，但颇为遗憾的是未成年人公益诉讼未能纳入。 监护权撤销案件的办理与未成年人公益诉