《天然环保纤维的吸附性能研究》-毕业论文（设计）.doc

PAGE PAGE 63 上海工程技术大学毕业设计（论文） 天然环保纤维的吸附性能研究 摘 要 水质处理技术中的膜分离技术发展初期主要是以平板膜为主，但是纤维膜比平板膜更容易受到工业界采用以及商业化，与平板膜相比，纤维膜具有膜组件的加工简便、费用低、纤维膜直径小可紧密排列、设备占地小等优点。因此有着良好的应用前景。天然、可降解纤维在膜技术中的应用越来越受到重视。用于膜材料的纤维其吸附性能与分离效果有极大的关系，并且吸附能力受到了纤维的结构、形态等各方面因素的影响。木棉纤维是一种良好的绿色环保天然纤维素纤维。具有体积重量轻、壁薄、高中空率和不含有农药等化学残留物等优势，是良好的隔热隔声材料、服装面料、保暖材料、填充料和浮力材料。可是木棉纤维因其长度较短、强度低、抱合力差和缺乏弹性，难以单独纺纱，导致其在各方面的应用具有很大的局限性，所以对木棉纤维的吸附性能没有得到充分的研究。 本文就木棉纤维对直接染料的吸附性能进行研究。研究结果表明，直接染料对木棉纤维的吸附速率随温度的升高而升高，但温度过高对木棉的吸附能力的影响也变小，甚至对降低其平衡吸附量。盐的加入可以增高木棉吸附直接染料的吸附量。染液的浓度对木棉在直接染料中的吸附量也有着很大的影响。木棉纤维在75℃时的吸附量一般在11%左右，但现今还没有相应的等温式可以表示。 关键词：木棉，吸附性能，温度效应，盐效应，吸附量，天然纤维 Study on the Adsorption of Kapok Fiber ABSTRACT In the early development of membrane separation technology, water treatment technology is based on flat membrane, but the fibrous membrane is used more easily than the flat membrane in the industry and in the market, compared with the flat membrane, the advantages of fibrous membrane are that processing of fibrous membrane module is simple, low-cost, and it is the diameter of fibrous membrane is short that can be close with each other, and the area covered is small, ect. So it will be widely applied in the future. Natural, biodegradable fibers take more and more attention in the application of membrane technology. The adsorption of fiber used in processing of the membrane material has a great relationship with separation performance. The kapok fiber is a kind of well and green natural cellulose fiber. Have light and thin cell wall, hollow structure of the physical volume weight and has little agrochemical residuum. It’s a good material of heat insulation, sound insulation, buoyancy and filling. Because of its shorter length, low-intensity, low-hold-together and the lack of flexibility, it is difficult to spin separately, leading application of it has a lot of limitations. So it didnt get a full research to the adsorption of kapok fiber for long time. In this article, the direct dyes have conducted the researc