王长喜老师考研15堂语法课第9堂_并列平行结构.doc
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LECTURE 9 并列平行结构
本堂目标:熟悉平行结构的基本原则及可用于并列平行结构的语法单位,掌握常用于并列平行结构的连词并列平行结构的一致问题并列连词所连接的并列成分应当在结构和功能上保持一致,这就是通常所说的并列平行结构。英语中运用并列平行结构的基本原则是:以同类语法形式来表达同类概念,以达到明晰句意、节省用词、加强语气、增加韵律的修辞效果。Keeping your head, instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit, may make the different between life and death when fire breaks out. 【点睛】crowding和pushing两个动名词是并列平行结构,由and连接;均作介词of的宾语。 【译文】当火灾发生时,保持冷静,不要向安全出口乱挤乱拥,这样就会使生与死的机会截然不同。 【例2】
In whatever company, they may find persons and conversations more or less pleasing; at whatever table, they may find meat and drink of better or worse taste, dishes better or worse prepared. 【点睛】本句由两个并列的分句组成,结构工整,含多个平行并列结构,如:介词短语In whatever company与at whatever table为一组平行并列结构,在两个句子中均作状语; persons和conversations平行并列,作第一个分句的宾语;在第二个分句中meat与drink平行并列,也作宾语。 【译文】无论和什么人交往,他们会发现有些人、有些谈话讨人喜欢,而有些则不然;同样,无论吃什么饭,酒和肉总有可口的和不可口的,菜肴的烹调亦总有优劣之分。
二、可用于并列平行结构的语法单位
名词平行结构 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.读书能带来愉悦,使人高雅、聪慧。 形容词平行结构 Jack was honest, industrious and talented.杰克诚实、勤奋又聪明。 分词平行结构 The boys were running, shouting and laughing.男孩子们一边跑着,一边喊着、笑着。 动名词平行结构 Jane prefers singing to dancing.珍妮喜欢唱歌胜过跳舞。 动词不定式平行结构 To know what is good and to do what is right is not the same thing.知道什么是好的和实际做得好不是一回事。 副词平行结构 The work is handsomely and skillfully done.这项工作做得漂亮,有水平。 介词短语平行结构 The room is fifteen feet in length and thirteen feet in width.这个房间长15英尺,宽13英尺。 谓语动词平行结构 The man walked up to the garden gate, hesitated and then rang the bell.那位男士走进大门,犹豫了一下,之后按响了门铃。 句子平行结构 A man who is able and has the will to do things should be given an important task.一个有能力而又乐于干工作的人应当委以重任。
Stratford-on Avon, as we all know, has only one industry — William Shakespeare — but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. 【点睛】句中的distinctly separate和increasingly hostile为并列平行结构,均作定语修饰branches。 【译文】众所周知,埃文镇的斯特拉特德福只有一个产业——威廉·莎士比亚——但它有两个泾渭分明且日趋仇视的分支。 【例2】(08-Text 1)
The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situation
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