汽车专业--毕业设计外文翻译.docx

英文资料Suspension Suspension is the term given to the system of /wiki/Spring_(device)springs, /wiki/Shock_absorbershock absorbers and /wiki/Linkage_(mechanical)linkages that connects a /wiki/Vehiclevehicle to its /wiki/Wheelwheels. Suspension systems serve a dual purpose – contributing to the cars roadholding//wiki/Car_handlinghandling and /wiki/Brakebraking for good active safety and driving pleasure, and keeping vehicle occupants comfortable and reasonably well isolated from road noise, bumps, and vibrations,etc. These goals are generally at odds, so the tuning of suspensions involves finding the right compromise. It is important for the suspension to keep the road wheel in contact with the road surface as much as possible, because all the forces acting on the vehicle do so through the contact patches of the tires. The suspension also protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or luggage from damage and wear. The design of front and /wiki/Rear_suspensionrear suspension of a car may be different./wiki/Leaf_springsLeaf springs have been around since the early Egyptians.Ancient military engineers used leaf springs in the form of bows to power their siege engines, with little success at first. The use of leaf springs in catapults was later refined and made to work years later. Springs were not only made of metal, a sturdy tree branch could be used as a spring, such as with a bow.Horse drawn vehiclesBy the early 19th century most British horse carriages were equipped with springs; wooden springs in the case of light one-horse vehicles to avoid taxation, and steel springs in larger vehicles. These were made of low-carbon steel and usually took the form of multiple layer /wiki/Leaf_springsleaf springs./wiki/Suspension_(vehicle)[1]The British steel springs were not well suited for use on Americas rough roads of the time, and could even cause coaches to collapse if cornered too fast. In the 1820s, the Abbot Downing Company of /wiki/Concord,_New_HampshireConcord, New Hampshire