the environmental and economic sustainability of carbon capture and storage碳捕获和存储的环境和经济的可持续发展.pdf

Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2011, 8, 1460-1477; doi:10.3390/ijerph8051460 OPEN ACCESS International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ISSN 1660-4601 /journal/ijerph Article The Environmental and Economic Sustainability of Carbon Capture and Storage Paul E. Hardisty 1,2,*, Mayuran Sivapalan 3 and Peter Brooks 4 1 WorleyParsons EcoNomics™, Perth, WA 6000, Australia 2 Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK 3 WorleyParsons EcoNomics™, Houston, TX 77079, USA; E-Mail: mayuran.sivapalan@ 4 WorleyParsons, Brisbane, QLD 7000, Australia; E-Mail: peter.brooks@ * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: paul.hardisty@; Tel.: +61-8-6263-7111; Fax: +61-8-9278-8110. Received: 14 February 2011; in revised form: 25 March 2011 / Accepted: 12 April 2011 / Published: 9 May 2011 Abstract: For carbon capture and storage (CCS) to be a truly effective option in our efforts to mitigate climate change, it must be sustainable. That means that CCS must deliver consistent environmental and social benefits which exceed its costs of capital, energy and operation; it must be protective of the environment and human health over the long term; and it must be suitable for deployment on a significant scale. CCS is one of the more expensive and technically challenging carb