诊断学化验单（Diagnostic laboratory chart）.doc

诊断学化验单（Diagnostic laboratory chart） Sputum examination 1. general character check normal person, phlegm is colorless or hoar. Purulent infection is yellow; Pseudomonas aeruginosa is greenish yellow; large lobar pneumonia is rusty; acute left heart failure is pink frothy sputum; amebic lung abscess is brown. When the respiratory system has pathological changes, the sputum can be mucous, serous, purulent and bloody. 2. microscopic examination (1) unstained smears Red blood cell: there is no red blood cell in the normal sputum, and a small amount of red blood cells are found in the purulent sputum; Leukocyte: normal sputum can have a small number of white blood cells, respiratory tract infection can be seen a large number of white (PUs) cells; Pulmonary alveolar macrophages are seen in patients with pulmonary congestion, pulmonary embolism, and chronic pulmonary hemorrhage; Parasites and eggs: such as lung fluke eggs and dissolved tissue amoebae; The Charcot Leyden crystal: in the sputum of patients with bronchial asthma and lung fluke; The kirshman spirochetes in patients with bronchial asthma and asthmatic bronchitis. (2) staining smear Exfoliated cells: lung cells were examined by Pap staining; Bacterial examination: many pathogens can be seen in gram staining; Mycobacterial examination: acid fast staining and golden O fluorescence staining. 3. pathogen culture is carried out according to possible diseases for different pathogens, such as general bacteria, tubercle bacillus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, fungi and anaerobic bacteria. Note that the anaerobic bacteria culture thyrocricocentesis sputum, the possibility of oropharyngeal contamination, sputum culture results are not necessarily reactions of lower respiratory tract infection. Two serum potassium [reference value] 3.5 ~ 5.3mmol.L. It is important to note that hemolysis can result in elevated levels of serum potassium if serum samples are hemolysis. [clinical significance] 1. hypokalemia (serum potassium, 3.5mmol/