未锻造的铜及铜合金的力学性能,在低温.docx

未锻造的铜及铜合金的力学性能，在低温铜合金变得更强，更韧，随着温度的下降。They also retain excellent impact resistance to 20 K. These general characteristics have been revealed in tests on 15 copper alloys, including brasses, bronzes and commercially pure coppers.他们还保留20 K的优良的耐冲击性，已在15的铜合金，包括黄铜，青铜和商业纯铜板的测试显示，这些一般特征。They were tested by the Cryogenics Div., National Bureau of Standards, for the copper and brass industry to check tensile strength, notch tensile strength, Youngs modulus, and impact properties at temperatures down to 4 K (-454 F).他们的低温DIV进行了测试，国家标准局对铜和黄铜行业，检查在温度为4 K（-454 ° F）的拉伸强度，缺口拉伸强度，杨氏模量，和冲击性能。The information presented here is based on a report by RP Reed and RP Mikesell Low Temperature Mechanical Properties Of Copper and Selected Copper Alloys, NBS Monograph 101, Institute for Materials Research, National Bureau of Standards, Boulder, Colorado 80302.这里提供的信息是由美国科罗拉多州博尔德RP的里德和RP Mikesell“低温的铜及选定铜合金的力学性能，”国家统计局专着101，材料研究所，美国国家标准局，80302的报告的基础上。Tests — The compositions and condition of these alloys — that is, for standard, commercially available mill stock — are listed in Table 1.测试 -这些合金的成分和条件-也就是说，标准，市售磨股票-列于表1。Tensile specimens with 1.5 inch gauge lengths provided the data on elastic modulus. 1.5英寸的衡量长度的拉伸试样弹性模量的数据。Notch tension (also 1.5 inch gauge lengths) and tension tests were conducted using the cryostat and related equipment.切口的张力（1.5英寸计长度）和张力进行了测试，使用恒温器和相关设备。Tests were conducted at 295 (ambient), 195, 76, 20, and 4 K. An Instron testing machine was used with a crosshead speed of 0.02 in. per min.测试是在295（环境），195，76，20日和4 K.在Instron试验机是一个十字头速度为每分钟0.02英寸。Test procedures are described by RA Warren and RP Reed in NBS Monograph 63.测试程序是由RA沃伦和RP里德在国家统计局专着63。Results — The figures on the following pages present stress-strain behavior.结果 -在以下几页的数字，目前的应力应变行为。In Table 2 the average data for each alloy are tabulated for all tests and temperatures.每个合金的平均数据表2则载列的所有测试和温度。Data spread in most instances was less than ± 1%.在大多数情况下，传播的数据是超过± 1％以内。Considerable spread in the impact strength occurred f