从高考看“介词+关系代词”的用法.doc

PAGE  从高考看“介词 + 关系代词”的用法 【典型考例】1. By nine o’clock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon. (2008福建) A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 2. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ____ New York is an example. (2008四川)?? A. for which????? B. in which?????? C. of which??????? D. from which 【解析】不难看出，这两道题都是考查了“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。第1题题意：一道罕见的彩虹出现在Mount Qomolangma的上方。appeared a rare rainbow为倒装形式。故选D。第2题先行词为many cities,从句还原后成为 “New York is an example of many cities”，所以选择介词of，表示所属关系。 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句既是同学们学习定语从句中的难点之一，也是各种考试的重点之一，尤其在近几年的 HYPERLINK /list.aspx?cid=261 \o 高考研究 高考题中出现的频率甚高，而且变化多样。经过对定语从句的学习，同学们对于定语从句中关系代词、关系副词的选择可能不会感到有什么困难了，但对于“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句的用法却往往感到棘手。希望下面的总结能助同学们一臂之力。 一、“介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句基本构成： “介词+ 关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which(物)和whom(人)，即：介词+which/ whom。 1. 当介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，关系代词不能省略。 This is the hero of whom we are proud. 2. 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(物)，that/whom/who(人)作介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往省略。 This is the hero that/ who/ whom we are proud of. （可省略） 3. “复合介词短语+关系代词which”引导的定语从句，常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装结构。 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree. 二、“介词+ 关系代词”中的介词的确定方法： （一）根据定语从句中的谓语动词确定介词，其动词与介词搭配，构成动词短语。 【典例】 1. I saw a woman running to ward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction ______ she had come. (2006重庆） A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 2. Why does she always ask you for help? (2005北京) There is no one else ______, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn 3. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _____ they can talk frequently. (2004上海) A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom （二）根据定语从句中的形容词确定介词，其形容词与介词搭配，构成形容词短语。例如： The two things about which Karl Marx was not sure were th