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砾岩球度对砾岩地层电阻率影响的数值模拟研究.doc

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砾岩球度对砾岩地层电阻率影响的数值模拟研究   摘 要: 地层电阻率是石油测井油气解释评价的重要参数,随着油气精细勘探的深入,砾岩地层等具有各向异性的储集层逐渐成为重要的勘探方向。利用COMSOL有限元软件绘制单个砾岩地层模型,在恒定电流场下根据电流连续性定理求得砾岩地层使视电阻率。通过COMSOL有限元软件数值计算得出改变砾岩球度对砾岩地层电阻率有一定的影响,确定球度的砾岩对应于不同背景地层影响程度也不同。在此研究基础上得到球度的影响机理,为实际复杂储集层的测井油气评价和解释提供理论依据。   关键词: 砾岩地层; 球度; 电阻率; COMSOL   中图分类号:P319.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1006-8228(2016)12-28-04   Abstract: Formation resistivity is an important parameter in evaluation of oil well logging and interpretation of oil and gas, stratum which has anisotropic reservoir such as conglomerate stratum gradually become important exploration direction, with the deepening of the fine oil and gas exploration. This paper uses the finite element software COMSOL to draw a single conglomerate stratum model, and the apparent resistivity of the conglomerate stratum is determined by the current continuity theorem under constant current field. The change of conglomerate sphericity has certain influence on the resistivity of conglomerate formation according to the calculation of COMSOL finite element software, and it is determined that conglomerate of certain sphericity has different influence on different background formation. The influence mechanism of sphericity is obtained based on this study, which provides theoretical basis for the evaluation and interpretation of oil and gas logging in complex reservoirs.   Key words: conglomerate formation; sphericity; resistivity; COMSOL   0 引言   地层电阻率是石油测井油气解释评价的重要参数,随着油气精细勘探的深入,砾岩地层等明显电各向异性的储集层成为重要的勘探方向。球度是用来定量描述一个颗粒近似于球体程度的参数,球度的计算方法也有许多种,根据Quiroga和Fowler[1]的定义,球度描述的是颗粒在三个轴方向(X、Y、Z轴)长度的近似程度。比如Waddell[2]提出了外接最小球度法,即颗粒体积与颗粒外接最小球的体积之比的立方根的大小来表示。Krumbein[3]在Waddell定义球度方法的基础上,将颗粒等效为具有相同体积的球体和椭球体,提出了两种新的球度定义的方法。斯尼德和福克(S.Need and Folk)[4]在评论了过去测量球体的方法后提出了最大投影球度法,用以确定球度参数数值。它是用与颗粒体积相同的球体的横切面积与该颗粒的最大投影面积的比值的立方根求得的。   实际应用证明,最大投影球度法比其他方法更有利于研究颗粒在流体介质中的状态。颗粒的三个轴越接近相等,其球度越高;相反,片状和柱状颗粒都具有很低的球度。李北星等[5]运用图像分析软件测定了石灰石和铁尾矿废石粗骨料的三轴特征、圆度和球度,并对不同粒级粗骨料的等轴率、圆度和球度进行了统计性分析。裴润有等人[6]提出了一种基于计算机图像处理的压裂支撑剂圆度和球度测量方法,提高了测定效率。本文通过CO
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