城市生活垃圾焚烧灰渣的资源化利用.doc

城市生活垃圾焚烧灰渣的资源化利用 章 骅* 何品晶* 摘要 近年来，城市化发展的需要使得我国不少城市开始或计划兴建大型生活垃圾焚烧厂。但是由于目前投产的城市生活垃圾焚烧厂很少，因此国内有关焚烧灰渣资源化利用的研究和工程实例不多。本文以国外城市生活垃圾焚烧灰渣资源化利用现状为基础，讨论了灰渣利用的主要途径：① 石油沥青路面的替代骨料；② 水泥/混凝土的替代骨料；③ 填埋场覆盖材料；④ 路堤、路基等的填充材料。已有的工程实践证明，只要控制处理得当，这些灰渣资源化利用可以不对人类健康和环境产生不利的影响。此外，本文也对灰渣资源化利用在环境标准和工程性质要求方面的规定及其采取的处理方法作了简单的介绍。本文提出，底灰经预处理后资源化利用，而飞灰经稳定化处理后填埋，是今后比较适合我国国情的灰渣管理策略。 关键词 城市生活垃圾 焚烧灰渣 底灰 飞灰 资源化利用 Beneficial Uses of Municipal Waste Combustion Ash Zhanghua* , He Pinjing*. Institute of Solid Wastes Treatment Reclamation, School of Environmental Science Engineering, Tongji University, 200092 Shanghai Abstract Incineration is an effective way for a big city to dispose of its substantial municipal solid waste. And more than 20% of the waste (by weight) will retain in combustion ash, thus producing a great amount of ash. How to deal with the ash is of great concern now in the world. In China, with the developing of urbanization and rapid increasing of municipal solid waste, many cities now are constructing or planning to construct large-scale municipal solid waste incinerators. However, due to lacking of state-of-the-art incinerator in China, researches or demonstration projects on combustion ash (including quality analysis, treatment, beneficial use and disposal) are absent so far. As a result, studies on the ash, which will be produced in the coming years, should be carried out. Based on the status quo of beneficial use of municipal waste combustion ash in some countries, the major ash uses are discussed in the paper, including aggregate substitute of asphalt pavement and concrete, landfill cover as well as fill materials of road base and embankment. Existing demonstration projects and experiments have showed that, as long as been well controlled, applications of beneficial use of bottom ash will not pose unacceptable hazard to human health and environments. Engineering and environmental requirements for ash utilization are also analyzed. A manage