基于USB的电缆故障检测高速数据采集系统的研究-控制理论与控制工程专业论文.docx

摘 要 随着城市电网改造的开展，电力电缆以其诸多优点得到了广泛的应用。由于工 作环境复杂多样，电力电缆故障时有发生，如何快速准确地查找故障点是目前电力 电缆应用研究的热点。然而，目前现有的电力电缆故障检测仪器价格昂贵，操作复 杂，很难在中等城市普及应用。鉴于此现状，本文结合 USB 技术与虚拟仪器技术， 给出了一种电力电缆故障检测高速数据采集系统的设计方案。 硬件方面：研究了电力电缆故障检测高速数据采集系统的硬件电路，设计并制 作电路板。电路采用单片机 AT89S52 作为系统的逻辑控制器，以高速 AD 转化芯片 实现模拟信号的高速转换，采用 USB 接口实现下位机与上位机的高速数据通讯， 并利用高速 FIFO 芯片解决了高速数据采集与相对低速的数据通讯之间的矛盾。最 终实现了对电缆故障信号的高速采集，并将故障信号传输到上位机，为故障波形的 分析及处理奠定了基础。 软件方面：研究了电力电缆故障检测高速数据采集系统的软件实现。系统软件 设计分为单片机固件程序设计和上位机应用程序设计，单片机固件程序可以实现故 障数据采集的开始和停止、数据的存储及通讯等功能；在 LabVIEW 软件平台上开 发了上位机应用程序，实现了对故障信号波形的显示、分析和处理，并调用动态链 接库实现本文研制的数据采集硬件与上位机应用程序的互联。 在完成系统的软硬件设计后，对系统进行了调试，对典型的波形进行了数据采 集，并对油浸纸电缆的短路和断路故障进行了检测。实验结果表明，本文研制的系 统使用方便、定位准确、波形显示精度较高。 关键字：USB，单片机，高速数据采集，电力电缆故障检测，虚拟仪器 Abstract With the development of reconstruction of power network in city, underground power cable is widely used because of its advantages. Because the environment is complicated and diverse, the fault of power cable occurs accidentally, and locating the position of fault in time and accurately become the most important point in relevant research fields. Furthermore, because the detection instrument is expensive and the operation is discommodious, it is hard to use widely in city. To detect the fault point of power cable, composed of USB and virtual instrument technique, a method based on high speed data acquisition, is gave in this paper. In hardware: data acquisition hardware system is studied, and circuit board is designed and accomplished. The chip AT89S52 is the logistic controller. And analog signals are transformed by high speed AD chip. Through USB, the high speed data communication between upper PC and data acquisition system is realized. The inconsistency of speed between high speed data acquisition and relative slow data communication is remedied by a FIFO chip. Based on these design, high speed acquisition is realized, and the waves of fault are transmitted to upper PC, and this is the basic of analyzing the fault waves. In software: the software system composed of firmware