土木工程-专业外文翻译高层结构和钢结构.doc

土木工程专业外文翻译--高层结构与钢结构 外文原文 Talling building and Steel construction Although there have been many advancements in building construction technology in general Spectacular archievements have been made in the design and construction of ultrahigh-rise buildings The early development of high-rise buildings began with structural steel framingReinforced concrete and stressed-skin tube systems have since been economically and competitively used in a number of structures for both residential and commercial purposesThe high-rise buildings ranging from 50 to 110 stories that are being built all over the United States are the result of innovations and development of new structual systems Greater height entails increased column and beam sizes to make buildings more rigid so that under wind load they will not sway beyond an acceptable limitExcessive lateral sway may cause serious recurring damage to partitionsceilingsand other architectural details In additionexcessive sway may cause discomfort to the occupants of the building because their perception of such motionStructural systems of reinforced concreteas well as steeltake full advantage of inherent potential stiffness of the total building and therefore require additional stiffening to limit the sway In a steel structurefor examplethe economy can be defined in terms of the total average quantity of steel per square foot of floor area of the buildingCurve A in Fig 1 represents the average unit weight of a conventional frame with increasing numbers of stories Curve B represents the average steel weight if the frame is protected from all lateral loads The gap between the upper boundary and the lower boundary represents the premium for height for the traditional column-and-beam frameStructural engineers have developed structural systems with a view to eliminating this premium Systems in steel Tall buildings in steel developed as a result of several types of structural innovations The innovations have been a