高考英语语法..docx
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(一)高考英语语法精讲--名词专题复习考点精讲【考点一】抽象名词具体化1.具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,表示变化了的词义时,这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。(1)difficulty 困难;a difficulty 一件难事(2)experience 经验;an experience 一次经历(3)failure 失败;a failure 一位失败者,一件失败的事(4)knowledge 知识;a good knowledge 对……精通/熟知(5)success 成功;a success 一位成功者,一件成功的事(6)surprise 惊奇;a surprise 一件令人吃惊的事(7)honour 荣誉;an honour 一位(件)带来荣誉的人或事Failure is the mother of success.失败是成功之母。The party last night was a success.We sang and danced until it came to an end.昨晚的晚会很成功,我们唱啊跳啊直到晚会结束。Losing the game was a difficult experience for her.对她来说,输掉比赛是一种痛苦的经历。2.有些物质名词可个体化为可数名词Would you like some coffee?你想喝点咖啡吗?I would like a coffee and two beers.我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。【经典考题】1.We all hold the belief that ________2012 London Olympic Games will be ________success.A./;a B.the;/C.the;a D.a;a解析:第一空为特指,应用定冠词the;第二空success 为抽象名词具体化,“一个成功的人或事”,应用不定冠词a,类似的词还有failure,pleasure 等。答案: C2.It’s________good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them________pleasure.A./;a B.a;/C.the;a D.a;the解析:句意为:上海世博会给人们带来了欢乐,欣赏世博会是一种美好的感受。有些不可数名词,如knowledge,command,feeling等,前面有“a/an+形容词”修饰时,表示一件具体的事情或一个……的人。pleasure意为“愉快,快乐”,为不可数名词,故不加冠词。答案: B【考点二】名词词义解析1.accident,incident,affair,event(1)accident “意外事件,偶发事件”,一般指(不幸的)事故,如车祸、天灾之类。(2)incident 多指较小的事件、小插曲或人生中所碰到的虽小但留下较深印象的平凡事情,也可以指外交、政治方面的重大事件。(3)affair “事物,要事”,头绪繁多的事;恋爱事件。(4)e vent “大事”,也可指比赛项目。①One in seven accidents is caused by sleepy drivers.七分之一的交通事故是司机困倦造成的。②Three people were arrested in connection with the rock?throwing incident.3个人因与扔石头事件有关而被捕。③The Prime Minister is busy with affairs of state.首相忙于政务。④A daughter’s marriage is quite an event for a father.女儿的婚姻对父亲而言确实是件大事。2.quantity,personality,quality,character(1)quantity 表示“数量”。(2)quality 既可以表示事物的“品质”,还可以表示人的“品德,素质”。(3)character 泛指性格,无所谓好坏,还可以表示“角色,文字,字母”。(4)personality 意为“个性”。①It’s often less expensive to buy goods in quantity,but you’d better exam the quality before buying them.大量购物便宜,但是在购买之前你最好检测质量。②(2009?湖北卷)Hiking by oneself can be fun and goo
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