医疗侵权诉讼之证明责任问题研究要领.pdf

Evidence Science Vol.22 No.3 2014 360 · · 医疗侵权诉讼之证明责任问题研究 凌高锦* （西南政法大学法学院，重庆 401120 ） 【摘 要】医疗侵权诉讼之证明责任分配历来是理论研究与实务操作领域关注的热点问题。虽然立法 规定经历了由“谁主张，谁举证”到“举证责任倒置”，再到“附条件过错推定”阶段，立法者也试图在 医患双方之证明负担之间寻求平衡。但是，鉴于医疗纠纷的复杂性，现有规定并不能满足和适应纠纷解 决的需要。本文通过实证分析和比较法考察，就如何公平分配医患双方之证明责任以及医疗风险分担问 题予以分析和探讨。 【关键词】医疗侵权诉讼；证明责任；专家辅助人；自由裁量；证据 【中图分类号】 D915.13 【文献标识码】 A 【文章编号】 1674-1226 （2014 ）03-0360-13 Studies on burden of proof in medical tort litigations. Ling Gaojin Southwest University of Political Science and Law, Chongqing 401120 Abstract The evidence of proof in medical tort lawsuit is always a hot topic for the theoretical research 【 】 and practice fields. Although legislations have experienced three phases, namely from the “Who advocates, who proves” to the “Burden of proof inversion”, then the “Conditional fault presumption”, and lawmakers also have been trying to find a balanced point between doctors and patients in the burden of proof. However, due to complexity of medical disputes, the current existing provisions can hardly satisfy the needs of dispute resolutions. How to distribute burden of proof and to share medical risks between doctors and patients in a justified way will be mainly analyzed and discussed in this article through empirical analysis and comparative research. Key Words The medical tort lawsuit, Burden of proof, Expert assessor, Judge’s discretion, Evidence 【 】 十八大报告中提出要解决好人民最关心最直接最现实的利益问题，要解决学有所教、劳有所 得、病有所医、老有所养、住有所居的民生之忧。当前，因“看病难”、“医院诊疗不规范”、“医疗 风险”、“医患关系紧张”等问题所引发的医疗合同纠纷、医疗侵权纠纷仍然是全社会关注的焦点， 既关系到民生工程的建设，也关系到社会的和谐，国家的长治久安。虽然医疗改革的浪潮已持续数 年，但是存在于医疗纠纷中的问题仍然未从根本上得以化解，亦有愈演愈烈之势。在医疗侵权纠纷 中，关于当事人证明责任如何分配的问题一直以来