无机非金属材料的组成与结构..ppt
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无机非金属材料 的组成,结构与性能
任何材料,不论其形状大小如何,其宏观性能都是由其化学组成和组织结构决定的。材料科学的主要目的就是从微观层次上(电子,离子,原子,分子)。阐明各种材料的组成,制备工艺,结构与性能间的相互关系。
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材料性能
材料应用
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无机非金属材料的结构
A 金刚石型
B 硅酸盐结构
C 玻璃结构
D其它一些无机非金属
材料的结构
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金刚石型
金刚石的化学式为C,金刚石是立方面心格子。
碳原子位于立方面心的所有节点位置
和交替分布在立方体内的四个小立方体的中心。
每个碳原子周围都有四个碳,碳原子之间形成共价键。
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硅酸盐结构
岛状结构
链状结构
层状结构
网状结构
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岛状结构
所谓岛状结构硅酸盐晶体是指结构中的硅氧四面体以孤立状态存在。硅氧四面体之间没有共用的氧。硅氧四面体中的阳离子,除了和硅离子相连外,剩下的一价将于其它金属氧离子相连。
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链状结构
硅氧四面体通过共用氧离子相连,在一维方向延伸成链状,这种链又可以分为单链和双链,链于链之间是通过其它阳离子按一定的配位关系连结起来。
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层状结构
代表类型高岭石结构
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网状结构
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玻璃结构
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无机非金属材料的其它常见典型结构
碳的结构
1.金钢石
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2.石墨
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C60 和 Nanotube
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