中国农田重金属污染预警系统20111011(投稿-修改稿).doc

中国农田重金属污染预警系统侯彦林 （农业部环境保护科研监测所，天津 300191） 摘要：本文分析了农田重金属污染的“物质驱动力环境因素”的相互关系，结合国情，建立了中国农田重金属污染预警系统。它包括：农田重金属污染预警的“天地人通用概念模型”；国家级、省级综合预警和县级单一预警方法；粮食单产、耕地人口密度、耕地工业产值三个预警指标；“红橙黄绿青蓝紫”七个警级；省级预警中的工业和经济开发区等标记方法，县级预警中的城郊区、矿山区、污灌区、交通线、污染水体、养殖基地等标记方法；国家级、省级预警实例。研究结果表明：系统适合国情；预警方法科学、通用、实用、简单；预警指标符合国情和实际，所需数据容易获得。关键词：预警；农田重金属污染；系统；中国 中文分类号： 文献标志码：A 文章编号： The waring system of heavy metal pollution in the farmland of China HOU Yanlin Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Tianjin 300191,China Abstract: The relationship of “material-driving force-environmental factors” in farmland heavy metal pollution was analyzed and warning system of farmland heavy metal pollution in China was initial established combined with the situation of China. It contains: “ heaven,earth and human universal conception model” of farmland heavy metal pollution warning; comprehensive warning method of national level, province level and single warning method of county level; grain yield per unit, farmland population density, farmland industrial output warning indexes; “all colors of the rainbow” 7 warning levels; labeling method for industry and economic development zone et al. in province warning and suburb, mining area, sewage irrigation area, traffic road, polluted water body and breeding base et al. in county warning; warning examples in national level and province level. Results showed that: the system is suitable for Chinese situation; the method of warning is scientific, universal, practical and simple; the index of warning meets the Chinese situation and practice, desired data is easy to obtain. Key words: warning; farmland heavy metal pollution; system; China 1 中国农田重金属污染预警研究现状 中国农田重金属污染二十世纪八十年代的工业现代化、农业现代化、城镇化、规模养殖化而开始，并表现为前期为加速阶段，之后为匀速阶段的特征前期研究案例较少、以单一污染和特殊区域（如污灌区）为主，逐渐过渡到研究案例增多、复合污染、土壤作物关系为重点的研究阶段，再到如今的国家项目支持、防治结合和区域性为特征的第三阶段，充分反映出我国农田重金属污染严重之趋势[1-4]。 国外农田重金属污染预警研究工作也是伴随工业化进程等开展的，已形成一些较为成熟的预警方法，但方法研究的居多，也未形成不同行政级别的预警系统[5-14]而我国目前农田重金属污染预警研究工作正处于起步阶段，同