高考英语介词的灵活用法总结.ppt

专题五 介 词 介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语、表语、定语或宾语补足语。介词可分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词和其他介词。 ①Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(状语) ②This machine is in good condition.(表语) ③Where is the key to my bike?(定语) ④She always thinks herself above others.（宾补） 一、介词的分类 （1）从用法分类 介词类型 例词 例句 表示方位 at, before, behind, below, etc. There must be something behind it. 表示时间 about, after, at, before, by, etc. He came home after 3 days. 表示原因、目的 for, with, from, etc. He died from cancer. 表示对于 to, for, over, at, with, etc. The book is really difficult for me. 表示手段、方式 by, in, with, etc. I will defend the motherland with my life. 表示除去 but, besides, except, etc. We all went to the supermarket except Tom. 表示比较 as, like, above, over, than, etc. They united as one man. 表示结果 to, with, without, etc. Man can’t live without water. （2）从结构分类 介词分类 构成 例词 简单介词 只有单独一个 词的介词 after, at, on, in, during, since, till, across, over, through, past, near, to, above, by, for, down, from, of, off, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, up, with, about, against, along, among, around, etc. 复合介词 由两个单词 合成的介词 into, inside, onto, outside, throughout, towards, upon, within, without, etc. 短语介词 形容词，分词 或副词+介词 according to, away from, down to, inside of, near to, opposite to, owing to, etc. 连词+介词 as for, as to, because of, etc. 介词+介词(又称双重介词) from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between, etc. 介词+名词+介词 by means of, in front of, in spite of, on account of, with regard to, etc. 其他 thanks to, etc. 由其他词类转用 分词 concerning, considering, including, regarding, etc. 形容词或副词 like, near, opposite, round, next, etc. 连词 than, but(除……之外), etc. 名词 despite(不顾；不管), etc. 【考点一】考查with/without复合结构 介词with/without+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式/分词（分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词）在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。 With all the things she needed bought, she went home happily. Possibly this person died without anyone knowi