毕业论文英文翻译--摄影测量学.doc

PAGE PAGE 1 Photogrammetry The principles of photogrametry can be traced back to the works of Leonardo da Vinci in the late fifteenth century. Through his work in the fields of geometry, optics, mechanics, and geophysiscs, da Vinci graphically illustrated the concepts of aerodynamics and optical projection. It is not until the mid 1800s that the field of photogrammetry came into its own, particularly within the European community. The term photogrammetry was first coined in 1855 by the European geographer Kersten, and was in common use throughout Europe by 1900.The term, however, did not win wide acceptance in the United States until 1934.In that year, the American Society of Photogrammetry (ASP) was founded. Types of Photogrammetry The ASP currently consider photogrammetry to be the art, science, and technology of surveying and measuring by photographic and other energy-emitting processes. The procedure is extensively used in topographic mapping, and can be applied from the ground as well as in the air. Aerial photogrammetry, though, is the procedure most commonly used in mapping. It has all but eliminated the need for extensive field surveys. Ground, or terrestrial, photogrammetry is used only as a supplement and complement to the aerial process, or in areas with unusual physical characteristics. Like other professional disciplines, photogrammetry consists of a variety of specialty areas. For example, there are the two broad areas if terrestrial (ground) and aerial (air) photogrammetry. Other specialty areas of photogrammetry are defined as to the technology or energyemitting process used. Some of the types of photogrammetry used in the mapping and topographic field are discussed here. Radargrammetry is the use of radar as a measuring device to describe the physical characteristic of an area of the earth’s surface. X-ray photogrammetry employ X-ray to collect surveying data, and the use of motion pictures for surveying is called cinephotogrammetry. Hologramm