单片机模糊控制交通灯毕业设计完整版.doc

摘 要 随着经济的发展，城市现代化程度不断提高，交通需求和交通量迅速增长，城市交通网络中交通拥挤日益严重，道路运输所带来的交通拥堵、交通事故和环境污染等负面效应也日益突出，逐步成为经济和社会发展中的全球性共同问题。本系统采用MSC-51系列单片机和可编程并行I/O接口芯片8255A为中心器件来设计交通灯控制器，，用LED数码管作为倒计时指示实时的控制当前交通灯时间使LED显示器进行倒计时工作并与状态灯保持同步，在保持交通安全的同时最大限度的提高交通能顺畅交替运行大大提高交通运输的运行效率，还可以减少交通事故，节省能源消耗 ABSTRACT With the development of economy and the improvement of urban modernization level, the demand of traffic and the number of cars have been growing rapidly. As the traffic congestion, traffic accidents and environment pollution has become more obvious, that, it has become the global economic and social problem. This system uses MSC-51 series microcontroller and 8255A to design the traffic controller to manage the traffic road. It uses simple hardware circuit to simulate the alternative transformation of the traffic lights and to realize the circular illumination of the lights. We use the LED as the countdown instructions. In this project, we add the traffic detection circuit, which uses the fuzzy control algorithm to change the time of the traffic lights automatically to control the traffic lights time. This design can make sure that the LED keeps the pace with the state lamp. What is more, while it can keep the traffic safe, at the same time, it can make the traffic running smoothly, operation efficient, and also can reduce the number of traffic accidents, save energy consumption. Above all, this system has great realistic signification. Keywords: Intersection management; Fuzzy logic control; MCU51; traffic detection ; Traffic light 目 录 1 绪论 1 1.1 交通灯研究的背景和意义 1 1.2 国内外交通灯研究的发展概况 1 2 系统的总体方案设计与分析 3 2.1 交通灯总体设计的描述 3 2.2 交通灯控制系统的工作原理 4 2.2.1 十字路口调度系统模糊控制器的设计 4 2.2.2 路口管理系统模糊控制器 5 2.2.3 十字路口车辆通行模式 8 2.2.4 交通灯的工作原理 8 3 系统硬件电路设计 9 3.1 单片机最小系统外围电路 9 3.1.1 AT89S51芯片内部结构 9 3.1.2 AT89S51单片机主要引脚功能 10 3.1.3 看门狗电路 13 3.1.4 8255A芯片简介 13 3.1.5 74LS373简介 14 3.2 显示电路 15 3.2.1 时间显示电路的设计 15 3.2.2 红绿灯的显示电路 16 3.3 车流量检测电路 17 3.4 紧急车通行电路 18 4 系统软件设计 18 4.1 软件总体设计思想 18 4.2 软件主要模块程序流程图 18 4.2.1 系统初始化程序 18 4.2.2 模糊控制器