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Motivation Theories to Help Teachers Engage Students in Learning Activities Johnmarshall Reeve University of Iowa Motivation’s Core Concept Motivation’s Core Concept Intention An intention to act. Motivation’s Core Concept Intention An intention to act. A planned action. A determination to engage in a particular behavior. Teacher’s Core Concern Creating in students an intention to act Teacher’s Core Concern Creating in students an intention to act How do I get students to ask questions? How do I get students to complete their homework? How can I get students to do X? Any No Intention Intention Any No Intention Intention But, types of intentions exist. Some intentions produce more positive functioning than do other intentions. Autonomous Controlled Intention Intention No Intention Because of my interest, Because of the test, I plan to read the book. I plan to read the book. I don’t plan to read the book. Autonomy Supportive Controlling Motivating Style Motivating Style Neglect, Permissiveness Why Autonomous Intentions Controlled Intentions Creativity Long-term persistence Conceptual understanding (high-quality learning) Well being Social development Undermines intrinsic motivation Interferes with quality of learning Stalls development of autonomous self-regulation Two General Approaches to Motivating Others Social Cognitive Social Cognitive Social Learning Social Transmission Self-Regulation Goal Setting Cognitive Apprenticeship Autonomy Supportive Self-determination theory Flow theory Engagement model Logic Underlying the TwoApproaches to Motivating Others Social Cognitive Socially engineer intentions that students currently do not posses. Autonomy Supportive Provide the conditions under which people can motivate themselves. Two General Approaches to Motivating Others Provide High Structure Provide