农业种植业氮对水环境污染特征分析和控制对策.doc
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农业种植业氮对水环境污染特征分析和控制对策
摘 要 化肥是种植业中氮补给的主要方式,但由于施肥方法或用量不合理、肥料利用率较低等因素,造成流域水环境氮素超标普遍存在。本文在简述氮的形态特征及其在种植业系统中输入输出途径特征的基础上,以广州市为例分析种植业化肥及氮的施用及流失情况,分析了广州市部分水质监测断面氨氮浓度超标情况及对水生态的影响,提出农业种植业氮污染的控制对策,为氮素的合理利用和农业污染控制提供理论参考。
关键词 种植业 ;化肥 ;氮循环 ;水污染 ;广州
中图分类号 X592;S-1
Characteristics Analysis and Control Strategy of Nitrogen Pollution in Water
Environment Based on Agricultural Planting---Taking Guangzhou as an Example
CHEN Hongzhan1) CAI Qianyi2) ZENG Jingwen2) LIN Xiaojun2) ZHOU Shujie1)
(1 Guangzhou Environmental Monitoring,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510030;
2 South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655)
Abstract Chemical fertilizer is the main way of nitrogen supply in agricultural planting. However, due to fertilization methods or the amount of unreasonable, low utilization of fertilizer and other factors, resulting in excessive water nitrogen is widespread. Based on the brief analysis of the morphological characteristics of nitrogen and the characteristics of input and output in the planting system, this paper analyzed the application and loss of chemical fertilizers and nitrogen in Guangzhou. The situation of excessive ammonia nitrogen concentration and its effect on aquatic ecology in some water quality monitoring sections of Guangzhou is studied. This paper puts forward the control strategy of nitrogen pollution in agricultural planting, and provides the theoretical reference for the rational utilization of nitrogen and the control of agricultural pollution.
Key words agricultural planting ; chemical fertilizer ; nitrogen cycle ; water pollution ; Guangzhou
氮素是植物生长不可或缺的元素,其对作物最终产量的贡献为40 %-50 %,是植物体内蛋白质、核酸、磷脂和某些生长激素的重要组分之一,且植物体内氮素的营养水平会直接或间接影响植物光合作用[1]。据国家统计局数据,2013年化肥生产量7 037万t(折纯,下同),农用化肥施???量5 912万t。化肥的大量使用一定程度上保证农作物高产,而化肥施用后相当一部分的氮素会流失,同时也带来了水体富营养化等环境风险和污染[2]。现有资料表明,农田经流带入地表水体的氮,占人类活动排入水体的氮的51 %[3]。2013年中国氨氮排放总量达245.7万t,广东省氨氮排放总量为21.64万t[4]。氨氮已经被中国列入污染物排放总量控制的主要指标之一。因此,本文在简述氮在环境中形态特征及其在种植业系统中的输入输出,结合广州实际情况分析种植业化肥流
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