城市生活垃圾填埋场毕业设计翻译.doc

Environmental Impacts of Solid Waste Landfilling Abstract:Inevitable consequences of the practice of solid waste disposal in landfills are gas and leachate generation due primarily to microbial decomposition, climatic conditions, refuse characteristics and landfilling operations. The migration of gas and leachate away from the landfill boundaries and their release into the surrounding environment present serious environmental concerns at both existing and new facilities. Besides potential health hazards, these concerns include, and are not limited to, fires and explosions, vegetation damage, unpleasant odors, landfill settlement, ground water pollution, air pollution and global warming. This paper presents an overview of gas and leachate formation mechanisms in landfills and their adverse environmental impacts, and describes control methods to eliminate or minimize these impacts. Keywords: landfill, solid waste disposal, biodegradation, gas and leachate generation, environmental impacts, control methods 1.Introduction Solid waste disposal in landfills remains the most economic form of disposal in the vast majority of cases (Thompson and Zandi, 1975; Rushbrook, 1983; Carr and Cossu, 1990). Therefore, landfills will continue to be the most attractive disposal route for solid waste. Indeed, depending on location, up to 95% of solid waste generated world- wide is currently disposed of in landfills (Bingemer and Crutzen, 1987; Cossu, 1989; Nozhevnikova et al., 1992; Gendebien et al., 1992). Alternatives to landfilling are considered as volume reduction processes because they produce waste fractions (e.g.ashes and slag from combustion processes that represent the second leading method of waste disposal) which ultimately must be landfilled (Emberton and Parker, 1987). Resorting to landfills is not limited to the disposal of municipal solid waste, but it icludes most other industrial wastes. For instance, nearly 80% of hazardous wastes generated in the U.S. is dumped in