高考完形填空题解技巧.doc

【技巧一】利用逻辑关系语，定位相关选项? 　　逻辑关系语指表示各种逻辑意义的连句手段，主要有：（1）词（包括连词、副词和少数介词），如and,?but,?or,?because,?though,?however,?yet,?therefore,?otherwise,?despite等；（2）短语，如in?other?words,?or?rather,?in?addition,?as?a?result,?so?that,?on?the?contrary,?instead?of等；（3）分句和独立结构，如that?is?to?say,?what?is?more,?all?things?considered等。逻辑关系语对准确理解语篇意义能够起到很强的提示作用。完形填空中很多题目都围绕它们而设。考生在解题时要充分利用这些逻辑关系语，找到与文中某些词、短语有密切关系的选项，如其同义词、近义词或反义词等，有时这些词、短语甚至复现在文中。? 　　【例】?The?girl?became?increasingly?worried?about?this,?both?when__46__and?in? her?dreams.?（07全国卷I）? 　　46.?A.?asleep???B.?away? 　　????C.?around???D.?awake? 　　【析】本句的逻辑关系语是both?...?and?...，它表示并列关系。and后出现了in?her?dreams，故此空必定和其有关。选项中只有awake和in?her?dreams构成反义关系，因此D项正确。? 　　【例】?Before?leaving,?I?had?turned?the?heater__48__in?the?roadhouse,?so?that? when?we?went?in,?it?was?nice?and__49__.（07湖北卷）? 　　48.???A.?on?????B.?off? 　　??????C.?in?????D.?over? 　　49.?A.?neat???B.?hot? 　　????C.?warm???D.?attractive? 　　【析】本句的逻辑关系语是so?that和and。连词and表并列关系，但要注意，nice?and后接形容词或副词，大多意为“很”，如：The?room?is?nice?and?warm.?（这个房间很暖和。）?/?The?breeze?is?nice?and?cool.?（这阵微笑很凉爽。）?/?The?car?is?going?nice?and?far.?（这辆轿车跑得很快。）发热器只能使房间变暖或变热，因此49?选C；so?that表因果关系，根据句意“为了我们进来时室内很温暖”，只有turn?on?the?heater才合乎逻辑，因此48选A。? 　　【技巧小试】? 　　①?...?those?challenges?are?the?very?things?that__37__us?and?make?us?who?we?are?...?（07山东卷）? 　　37.?A.?design????B.?promote? 　　????C.?direct????D.?shape? 　　②It’s?a?little?funny?seeing?friends?in?clean?shoes?and?trousers?or?colorful__36__,?instead?of?the?usual?school?uniform.?（07北京卷）? 　　36.?A.?shapes?????B.?dresses? 　　????C.?flowers????D.?pictures? ③“You?need__36__,”?his?father?said.? “But?if?you?don‘t?work?hard,?no?fortune?will?come.”?（07辽宁卷）? 　　36.?A.?exercise???B.?fortune? 　　????C.?knowledge??D.?wealth? 　　答案：①?D②?B?③?B? 　　? 　　【技巧二】通晓上下文意，注意习惯搭配? 　　词汇的习惯用法或固定搭配，特别是动词、名词、形容词、介词等的搭配在完形填空题中出现的比例很大。如果考生在备考时对常用的习惯用法或固定搭配能牢固地掌握，并在解题时灵活运用，就能达到事半功倍的效果。? 　　【例】?A?young?man,?wet?from__42__to?toe,?explained?that?he?had__43__out?of? petrol?about?30?km?up?the?road.?（07湖北卷）? 　　42.?A.?finger?